Social work during war: European values, Ukrainian experience, international support
Comprehensive study and implementation of progressive experience of international social work. National specificity and modern practical experience of social work in Ukraine. The ratio of the impact of the war on Ukrainian and Russian civilians.
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Social work during war: European values, Ukrainian experience, international support
Lytovchenko O.
Lytovchenko O.
Abstract
The materials of the article present the results of the study of social work in wartime conditions, in particular, the common European values of social work, the experience of Ukraine, international support of specialists in the social sphere.
Emphasis is placed on the importance of social work in Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale war. It is emphasized that among the important factors that bring Ukraine s victory closer are the realization of European aspirations of Ukraine, versatile international support.
In the conditions of war, the study and implementation of progressive experience of international social work, in particular of European countries, is relevant. At the same time, the experience of Ukrainian social specialists in wartime conditions is a valuable resource for international social work.
Based on the results of the study, it is summarized that the central place in international social work is occupied by the principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversity (Global definition of social work, 2014).
Such professional orientations and ethical foundations are common to all IFSW members, in particular to Ukraine.
It is emphasized that the social work of Ukraine is a part of international social work, perceives international ethical principles and European values of social work, works together with partners to solve global social problems, etc. At the same time, the national specificity and modern practical experience of social work in Ukraine is determined by the state of war.
A brief analysis of the reaction of international social work organizations, primarily the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), to the war in Ukraine allowed us to summarize the following: support for Ukraine in the struggle for its own statehood; measures to support social workers in Ukraine and other countries; significant attention and support from the side of European associations of social workers in solving the problem of helping refugees from Ukraine and others.
At the same time, not all theses of representatives of international organizations, highlighted on the official pages, are perceived unambiguously. There are signs of incorrect understanding and interpretation by representatives of the IFSW of the ratio of the impact of the war on Ukrainian and Russian civilians, which was caused by Russian propaganda.
Key words: war in Ukraine, social work, European integration, international social work, principles and values of social work, experience of social work of Ukraine, international support.
Литовченко О.В., Литовченко О.В.
Соціальна робота в умовах війни: європейські цінності, український досвід, міжнародна підтримка
Анотація
social work civilian
Матеріали статті являють собою результати дослідження соціальної роботи в умовах війни, зокрема спільних європейських цінностей соціальної роботи, досвіду України, міжнародної підтримки фахівців соціальної сфери.
Акцентовано на значенні соціальної роботи в Україні в умовах широкомасштабної війни. Підкреслюється, що серед важливих чинників, що наближають перемогу, реалізація європейських прагнень України, різнобічна міжнародна підтримка.
В умовах війни актуальними є вивчення та упровадження прогресивного досвіду міжнародної соціальної роботи, зокрема європейських країн. Водночас досвід українських фахівців соціальної сфери в умовах воєнного часу є цінним ресурсом для міжнародної соціальної роботи.
За результатами дослідження узагальнено, що центральне місце в міжнародній соціальній роботі посідають принципи соціальної справедливості, прав людини, колективної відповідальності і поваги до різноманітності (Глобальне визначення соціальної роботи, 2014). Такі професійні орієнтири та етичні основи є спільними для усіх членів Міжнародної федерації соціальних працівників (IFSW), зокрема і для України.
Акцентовано, що соціальна робота України є частиною міжнародної соціальної роботи, сприймає міжнародні етичні принципи та європейські цінності соціальної роботи, спільно з партнерами працює над вирішенням глобальних соціальних проблем тощо. Водночас національна специфіка та сучасний практичний досвід соціальної роботи України зумовлені воєнним станом.
Стислий аналіз реакції міжнародних організацій соціальної роботи, насамперед Міжнародної федерації соціальних працівників (IFSW), на війну в Україні дозволив узагальнити, що є підтримка України у боротьбі за власну державу, заходи на підтримку соціальних працівників в Україні, інших країнах, значна увага і підтримка збоку європейських асоціацій соціальних працівників у вирішенні проблеми допомоги біженцям з України та інші.
Водночас не усі тези представників міжнародних організацій, висвітлені на офіційних сторінках, сприймаються однозначно. Є ознаки неправильного розуміння і трактування представниками IFSW співвідношення впливу війни на цивільних громадян України та росіян, що спричинене значною пропагандою РФ.
Ключові слова: війна в Україні, соціальна робота, європейська інтеграція, міжнародна соціальна робота, принципи і цінності соціальної роботи, досвід соціальної роботи України, міжнародна підтримка.
For Ukraine, during the full-scale war, which caused mass loss of life, massive increase in the number of people in need of physical, psychological, social rehabilitation and support, destroyed housing and infrastructure which led to displacement of millions of Ukrainians, economyc decline, etc., - the question of what will be a reaction of social work of Ukraine in response to these challenges becomes especially significant.
At the same time, the war and the threat to lose the national identity and independence has helped Ukrainians unite and contributed to the consolidation of not only Ukraine, but also of the entire civilized world. The heroic resilience and professionalism of the Armed Forces of Ukraine strengthened faith in victory, led to a intensification of national resistance and the volunteer movement. Many countries in Europe and around the world support the Ukrainian people in their fight against the aggressor, take various measures to bring Ukraine's victory closer.
Among the important factors bringing the victory closer are the realization of Ukraine's European aspirations and versatile international support. The granting of EU candidate status to Ukraine on June 23, 2022 legally cemented at the pan-European level Ukrainian aspirations and commitmment to our country's choice of European integration and membership in the European family. In particular, the support of our European partners in the social sphere, international organizations such as the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) and the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW), social workers from different countries is significant and extremely important. The study and implementation of progressive experience of international social work, in particular of European countries, can be especially relevant during a crisis caused by war. At the same time, the experience of Ukrainian social specialists in wartime conditions is a valuable resource for international social work.
Purpose and task
The purpose of the article is to briefly present the results of the analysis of social work in wartime conditions, in particular the common European values of social work, the experience of Ukraine, international support of social specialists. Of particular interest is the reaction of international social work organizations, primarily the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), to the war in Ukraine. The theoretical basis of the study is built on the works devoted to the conceptual foundations of social pedagogy and social work in Ukraine (T. Alekseenko, O. Bezpalko, R. Vainola, N. Zaveryko, I. Zvereva, I. Ivanova, A. Kapska, N. Kolyada, G. research by foreign scientists and specialists in the social sphere (G. Eichsteller, L. Eriksson, R. Hugman, K. Kendall, M. Hokenstad, J. Midgley, etc.). Among Ukrainian researchers of international social work, M. Lukashevych, T. Semigin, Zh. Petrochko, T. Fedorchenko and others should be noted. Various aspects of international social work are presented in the works of foreign scientists: Catherine Kendall (1978), James Midgley (1981), Tony Tripodi and Miriam Potocki-Tripodi (2006), Lyn Healy (2008), Merle “Teri” Hockenstad (1997) (T. Semigina) [2].
The study is based on the provisions of international documents (Global Definition of Social Work (2014) [8] and others). International documents regarding the Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development for 2020-2030 are also relevant within the scope of the problem: The Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development: Extending the Influence of Social Work [10] and The Global Agenda: Commitments to Action [11]. The content of the state social policy in this context was reflected in the main provisions of the Laws of Ukraine: “On social work with families, children and youth” (2001), “On social services” (2019), etc.
The main research methods are defined as: analysis and synthesis of foreign and Ukrainian sources on social work, materials from official sources and web portals of international social work organizations (International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) and International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW), social work organizations in Ukraine; regulatory documents regarding social work, generalization and systematization of data.
Common European values of social work
The relevance of the theory and practice of social work for Ukraine, which in the conditions of a brutal struggle for its own national identity and independence has to solve a significant number of social issues, prompts to turn to international social work, study foreign experience. At the same time, successful steps towards the European integration of Ukraine strengthen the relevance of defining “points of intersection”, common goals and values, value bases that unite social specialists from different countries.
In 2014, the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) and the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) adopted the Global Definition of Social Work [8]. The document specifies that “Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledges, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing. The above definition may be amplified at national and/or regional levels”.
Such professional orientations and ethical foundations are common to all IFSW members, in particular to Ukraine, whose representative in the international organization is the Association of Social Workers of Ukraine.
Therefore, shared ethical principles as a basis for social workers to achieve the highest standards of professional integrity, defined in Global Social Work Statement of Ethical Principles - International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW, 2018) [7].
“This Statement of Ethical Principles (hereafter referred to as the Statement) serves as an overarching framework for social workers to work towards the highest possible standards of professional integrity.
Implicit in our acceptance of this Statement as social work practitioners, educators, students, and researchers is our commitment to uphold the core values and principles of the social work profession as set out in this Statement.
An array of values and ethical principles inform us as social workers; this reality was recognized in 2014 by the International Federation of Social Workers and The International Association of Schools of Social Work in the global definition of social work, which is layered and encourages regional and national amplifications.
All IFSW policies including the definition of social work stem from these ethical principles” [7].
Among the ethical principles of social work are the following:
Recognition of the Inherent Dignity of Humanity.
Promoting Human Rights.
Promoting Social Justice.
Challenging Discrimination and Institutional Oppression.
Respect for Diversity.
Access to Equitable Resources.
Challenging Unjust Policies and Practices.
Building Solidarity.
Promoting the Right to Self-Determination.
Promoting the Right to Participation.
Respect for Confidentiality and Privacy.
Treating People as Whole Persons.
Ethical Use of Technology and Social Media.
Professional Integrity [7].
Based on the results of the analysis of the problem, T. Semigina summarizes that the concept and practice of international social work is fed by the ideas of globalization, sustainable development, human rights and transnational democracy, social inclusion, social development, etc. (T. Semigina) [2].
Among the national codes of ethics listed on the IFSW website, there is no code of Ukrainian social workers. At the same time, it is worth noting that the basis of the Code of Ethics of Social Work Specialists of Ukraine (2003) [1], approved by the Ukrainian Association of Social Educators and Social Work Specialists with the participation of a number of Ukrainian specialists, representatives of Great Britain and Switzerland, the international ethical principles and standards of social work defined at the general meeting of the International Federation of Social Workers (1994) were laid down. This confirms the common ethical and value bases of social work of different countries, which emphasizes the importance of developing the potential and capabilities of the individual, as well as the satisfaction of human needs.
At the same time, the complex processes taking place in the social sphere of Ukraine during the war with the Russian Federation, starting in 2014 and intensifying in 2022, have led to new challenges and new vectors of social work in Ukraine. The practice of Ukrainian social work, all social sector specialists is a valuable resource and experience for international partners.
Ukraine S Experience
Social work of Ukraine is part of international social work, perceives international ethical principles and European values of social work, works together with partners to solve global social problems, etc. At the same time, the national specificity and modern practical experience of social work in Ukraine is determined by the state of war.
Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine in 2014, the country has suffered significant losses, primarily in the humanitarian sphere. From that moment on, social services, social workers, and volunteers did not stop and worked on solving the urgent issues that arose. With the beginning of a full-scale war on February 24, 2022, managers and specialists in social work of the Centers of Social Services of various cities and communities continue to fulfill their professional duties even in the most difficult days of hostilities. Currently, where necessary, social workers solve the issue of providing humanitarian aid (food kits, medicines, clothes, hygiene items) to people who have suffered as a result of military actions, to internally displaced persons; coordinate the process of evacuating families with children and persons with disabilities to a safe place; advise on issues of social protection, continue to support families in difficult life circumstances. Temporary shelters for refugees operate in various regions of Ukraine, where people can receive humanitarian and psychological assistance. For example, at the beginning of the war, psychologists of the network of social services of the city of Kyiv provided support to everyone who needed it (online, on the basis of district centers, in the subway/storage rooms, etc.). Taking into account the workload on employees, psychological support groups for social work specialists have started and are currently ongoing. The “hotline” of the Kyiv City Center of Social Services worked daily and continues to work for prompt appeals by citizens, and there was constant communication with Kyivans through the website and information media of the Centers of Social Services in social networks.
This is the practice of Ukrainian social work in wartime conditions. During the war, new challenges arise for social workers, because even more people need social protection and support. Wounded fighters need rehabilitation and socialization, a certain part of citizens lost their homes, were forced to leave their permanent place of residence and received the status of internally displaced persons (IDPs) or were forced to seek refuge abroad. Destruction of infrastructure, loss of jobs are also serious challenges for citizens of Ukraine. This will determine new vectors of activity of social workers, which will necessitate revision and updating of regulatory documents regarding the social sphere, implementation of relevant state programs, etc.
Certain steps are taken at the level of ministries and state departments. In particular, the Ministry of Veterans Affairs of Ukraine has created an interdepartmental working group on issues of conducting a comprehensive review of the system of social protection of war veterans and their family members, family members of (deceased) war veterans, family members of (deceased) Defenders of Ukraine.
At the same time, the strategic plan of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine for the 2022 budget year and the two upcoming budget periods (2023-2024) [4] require appropriate changes. The document defines the following strategic goals for 2022-2024:
increase in pensions;
creation of the Unified information system of the social sphere;
raising the level of social standards and guarantees for low-income families;
provision of quality social services;
promotion of inclusion of persons with disabilities in public life;
protection of children's rights;
ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men, combating domestic violence and human trafficking.
Regardless of the relevance of the identified priorities, in wartime conditions, the plan must be revised and supplemented taking into account new realities and current practice of social work.
International support of specialists in the social sphere
International support to Ukraine in various spheres is one of the important factors bringing our victory closer. Support in the social sphere is very tangible and extremely necessary at the moment. One of the tasks of the research, the results of which are presented in this publication, is a concise analysis of the reaction of international social work organizations, primarily the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), to the war in Ukraine (based on the materials of publications https://www.ifsw.org/).
Based on the results of the analysis of the publications highlighted on the official IFSW portal, it is possible to summarize the following:
support of Ukraine in the struggle for its own statehood (“IFSW stands with all people affected by this crisis. We stand with the people of Ukraine in their right for their own nation, identities and freedom from domination”... “IFSW Europe has organised coordination of professions and community's responses to the needs of refugees as they flee Ukraine. Additionally, they are delivering assistance to people who remain in the country. These collective actions are unprecedented in the life of IFSW and show the growth and the strength of our development” [9]);
measures to support social workers in Ukraine and other countries (“Our social workers colleagues, in the countries having border with Ukraine, have responded directly to people affected. Social workers are working long hours in very difficult circumstances, at the border with the Ukraine to offer help to individuals and families. To get to the border and to the camps, social workers and students in social work must travel long distances. Their work is voluntary. However, there are travel costs and accommodation. Therefore, IFSW Europe decided to open a call for donation...” [5]);
considerable attention and support from European associations of social workers in solving the problem of helping refugees from Ukraine (“The Dutch Association BPSW placed a special file on the refugee crisis on their website. There is information about the work social workers fulfil in the border areas in the different countries, and how we can support them. A large part is about the help refugees need in The Netherlands, with information on the different ways one can be of help...” [6]).
Studying and implementing the experience of international social work, in particular European countries, is relevant for the social sphere of Ukraine in wartime conditions. The experience of Ukrainian social workers and volunteers in the conditions of real military operations, assistance to internally displaced persons, solving many humanitarian issues is a valuable resource for international social work.
International social work, the community of specialists, international organizations of social work, first of all the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) - in every possible way support the struggle of Ukrainians for their own state, for their own independence, implement a significant number of measures to support people who need temporary protection abroad, as well as social workers in Ukraine, provide humanitarian aid, etc.
At the same time, not all theses of representatives of international organizations, highlighted on the official pages, are perceived unambiguously. There are signs of incorrect understanding and interpretation by representatives of the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) of the impact the war had on Ukrainian and on Russian civilians, equally pitying both while only Ukrainian civilians are facing constant bombings and live under the threat of death, torture or deportation (on occupied territories) which is caused by the disinformation campaign orchestrated by the government of the Russian Federation, which seeks to equalize both sides. In particular, the following theses are presented: “IFSW stands with all people affected by this crisis. We stand with the people of Ukraine in their right for their own nation, identities and freedom from domination. We stand with the people of Russia who are starving and at significant risk from a regime that has introduced draconian laws attempting to prevent them from advocating for peace...” [9]).
In addition, there are many fair questions of Ukrainian society to other international organizations, in particular, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), regarding participation in monitoring the Russian Federation's compliance with the proper conditions of detention of Ukrainian prisoners of war, prevention of torture, provision of medicines, etc. In our opinion, the failure of this organization to properly fulfill its own mission and responsibilities made the terrorist attack and an obvious war crime in Olenivka (occupied territory of Ukraine) possible, where more than 50 Ukrainian prisoners of war were killed by the Russian Federation. Not to mention, the harmful and disgraceful report made by Amnisty International (short - AI), in which Amnisty International openly blamed Armed Forces of Ukraine for the deaths of Ukrainian civilians killed by the Russian army for being in the vicinity of civil objects making them “possible military targets”. AI failed to properly explaine the full context of the cases presented in their report, and used very short and intentionally sensational wording on social media to proliferate the false idea that Ukrainian soldiers are the ones to blame for mass civilian casualties.
Conclusions
According to the research results presented in this publication, it is summarized that the central place in international social work is occupied by the principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversity [8]. Such professional orientations and ethical foundations are common to all IFSW members, in particular to Ukraine, whose representative in the international organization is the Association of Social Workers of Ukraine. Ethical principles and values defined by the Global Social Work Statement of Ethical Principles - International Federation of Social Workers are common for Ukraine and other European countries (IFSW, 2018) [7]: Recognition of the Inherent Dignity of Humanity, Promoting Human Rights, Promoting Social Justice, Promoting the Right to Self-Determination, Promoting the Right to Participation etc. This contributes to further international cooperation and European integration of Ukraine.
In the conditions of war, the study and implementation of progressive experience of international social work, in particular of European countries, is relevant. At the same time, the experience of Ukrainian social specialists in wartime conditions is a valuable resource for international social work. It is emphasized that since the beginning of the war in Ukraine in 2014, the country has suffered significant losses, primarily in the humanitarian sphere. From that moment on, social services, social workers, volunteers did not stop and worked on solving urgent issues that arose, continued to fulfill their professional duties. Since the beginning of the full-scale war, social workers with the involvement of international partners have been solving the issue of providing humanitarian aid to people who have suffered who suffered from the military actions, to internally displaced persons; coordinate the process of evacuating families with children and persons with disabilities to a safe place; advise on issues of social protection, continue to support families in difficult life circumstances, etc. At the same time, regulatory documents in the social sphere require appropriate changes and corrections.
International support to Ukraine in various spheres is one of the important factors bringing our victory closer. A brief analysis of the reaction of international social work organizations, primarily the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), to the war in Ukraine allowed us to summarize the following:
support of Ukraine in the struggle for its own statehood (“IFSW Europe has organised coordination of professions and community's responses to the needs of refugees as they flee Ukraine. Additionally, they are delivering assistance to people who remain in the country. These collective actions are unprecedented in the life of IFSW and show the growth and the strength of our development...” [9]);
measures to support social workers in Ukraine and other countries;
significant attention and support from the side of European associations of social workers in solving the problem of helping refugees from Ukraine.
At the same time, not all theses of representatives of international organizations, highlighted on the official pages, are perceived unambiguously. There are signs of incorrect understanding and interpretation by representatives of the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) of the ratio of the impact of the war on Ukrainian and Russian civilians, which was caused by the Russian propaganda.
Limitations of the study should be pointed out. The authors do not pretend to fully cover the problem. In particular, the modern practice of social work in Ukraine in wartime conditions, social work with children and youth, social protection of war veterans and their family members requires a separate study; the current national legislation and those changes that were introduced during martial law require an in-depth analysis. International support of the social sphere of Ukraine on the part of foreign partners, international organizations, humanitarian initiatives, etc., requires significant research attention.
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