Методологічні основи збереження та реґенерації заповідних архітектурних комплексів історичних міст (на прикладі Західної України)

Ключові слова: історичне місто, заповідний архітектурний комплекс, методологічні основи збереження і реґенерації заповідних районів.

Бевз М.В. Методологические основы сохранения и регенерации заповедных архитектурных комплексов исторических городов (на примере Западной Украины). - Рукопись.

Диссертация на соискание ученой степени доктора архитектуры. Специальность 18.00.01. - Теория архитектуры, реставрация памятников архитектуры. - Харьковский государственный технический университет строительства и архитектуры, Харьков, 2004.

В дисертации разработано методологические основы сохранения и регенерации архитектурных заповедных районов исторических городов. Исследование проведено на примере исторических городов западноукраинского региона. Работы по регенерации (градостроительной реставрации) предлагается базировать на выявлении „исторических градостроительных комплексов”, которые могут существовать параллельно или “накладываться” в структуре города. Выполнен анализ развития западноукраинских городов в Х-ХХ веках. и разработана эволюционная систематизация их архитектурно-планировочных и функциональных комплексов. Разработаны критерии и сформированы историко-градостроительные основы работ по сохранению и регенерации заповедных комплексов. Разработаны аналитические (инвентаризации, идентификации, верификации, многокритериальной оценки, паспортизации) и синтезирующие (ревалоризации, реабилитации, музеефикации) методы работ по регенерации исторических градостроительных комплексов. Определены принципы и методики научно-проектных работ по регенерации. Сформирована праксеологическая модель исследовательской и проектной деятельности по регенерации исторического города. Разработанный алгоритм научно-проектного процесса по сохранению и регенерации заповедных комплексов исторических городов учитывает новые социально-економические условия.

Ключевые слова: исторический город, заповедный архитектурный комплекс, методологические основы реґенерации и сохранения заповедных районов.

Bevz M.V. The Methodological Bases for the Preservation and Regeneration of Prоtected Architectural Zones of Historical Towns (The Example of Western Ukraine). Manuscript.

Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Architecture by Specialty 18.00.01, “Theory of Architecture, Restoration of Monuments of Architecture,” Kharkiv State University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kharkiv, 2004.

Problems related to the regeneration and preservation of sites of historic towns are the topic and subject of experimental studies in this research. The question of protecting historic towns in Western Ukraine, and the tasks of preserving and regenerating assembled architectural-planning systems are considered in the first part of this research. The appraisal and the needs of towns for the development of historic preservation are presented in 20 selected towns: Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislav), Buchach, Zhovkva, Berezhany, Peczenizsyn, Kukyziv, Zhuriv, Halych. Additionally, information is provided about 300 towns that once existed on the territory that currently Western Ukraine. It demonstrates the necessity to perfect the methods of regeneration in preserving the sites of towns. Criteria for using methods of regeneration were presented. The term regeneration in Ukrainian architecture means the reproduction of the lost part of historic towns or their centers, including the urban planning-spatial structure, the compositional quality, returning their functional activity and rebuilding architectural objects on the original place as a copy or a new version, but within the old spatial borders. The author shows that the historic city or town is completed in conventional urban complexes. Each of these complexes has its own value base: the time of creation, the historic urban-planning structure and architectural objects, urban authenticity, historical art and architectural value, the urban compositional role in the town, and so forth. Thus, regeneration as urban restoration must provide each complex with its historic conditions. Historical-urban bases for the preservation and regeneration of works are: the evolution systematization of architectural-planning complexes of Western Ukrainian towns; the types of urban spaces in historical parts of towns (during different times of construction); the functional character of urban spaces (squares, streets, blocks and yards).

The basis of historic urban complexes are created for the organization of educational and design works for the preservation and regeneration of protected architectural complexes, which are based on „historical urban complexes” and are the main instrument of the object. Methods and methodological works for the identification and verification of „historical urban complexes” in the system of protected historic areas of the city are created. So are methods of identifying qualities for architectural monuments in historical urban complexes, forming a conceptual model for categorizing qualities of monuments and historic urban complexes, and methods for the preservation and regeneration of preserved architectural complexes of historic cities were also developed.

Determined within the dissertation were the main principles of scientific and design works for the regeneration of historical parts of towns; the principle of reproduction of historical planning system of towns; the principle of reflection of compositional-imaging systems of town; the principle of preserving and reproducing planning-spatial system of blocks, which is included in new buildings but limited by traditional conditions of the architectural environment; the principle imitation of the traditional functional system of the town; the principle of reproducing the old metrical-planning system of the town; the principle of preserving the historic „5'th elevation” of town.

Also created were the analytical (inventory, identification, verification, multi-criteria valuation, passport calculation of urban monuments) and synthesis (revalorization, rehabilitation and museum-action) methods of the regeneration of historical-urban complexes:

- the scheme to effectively organize the scientific-project complex of works with the preservation and regeneration of protected regions of historic cities, taking into consideration the new social-economic conditions;

- the result of the investigative work in the dissertation in the development and correction of the contents of definitions for the educational field and regeneration of protected architectural complexes, recommendations made and realization of proposed methods or practical works for urban projects in historic cities.

Key words: historic town, the architectural and planning system of town, the preservation of traditional town environment, regeneration of protected urban zones.

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