Transformations in the work of Maugham "Theatre"

30) "I wonder if we could persuade you to come and eat a chop with us. - Maybe you will not refuse to come with us to eat? (4) In this example, a lot of substitutions. First of all we see here a replacement offers English Russian question affirmatively; replace the English verb «to come» Russian "to drop"; replace the English phrase «I wonder» Russian phrase, "Maybe." Further, the reception semantic development: «if we could persuade you - if we can convince you" changed to "you will not refuse", ie there is a replacement process of its investigation.

31) He gave his clothes a troubled look. - He looked anxiously his costume. (1) In this example, we see the specification, that is, the English verb with a wide value is specified in the Russian verb narrow meaning: «gave» - «examined."

32) Julia got in. - Julia sat behind. (2) Interpreter contextual specification used here: the combination «got in - to collect, store ..." has been replaced in the Russian sentence with the word "village". Moreover, this specification is combined with the acquisition of lexical added: added sentence in Russian the word "back".

33) "Come and sit with me. - Sit down with me. (1) In this example uses one kind of transformation - is welcome lexical omission: a Russian proposal omitted the verb «Come» Union and «and». Interpreter finds them semantically redundant.

34) I'll ask him to write in our book. - I'll ask him to sign a visitors' book. (1) In this example, used reception lexical added: Russian sentence added in the phrase "for visitors."

35) ... and when they arrived Julia told the butler to show the young man where he could wash his hands. - ... When they arrived, Julia told the butler to show the boy where he can wash his hands. (1) In this example, we are again faced with a proper name «Julia» - «Julia" - transcription.

36) "We shall never see him again." - We see him here in the first and last time. (1) In this example, the interpreter uses the device of semantic development: an English sentence «We shall never see him again. - We will never see it again. "Transformed into Russian proposal with a completely different translation, namely" We see it here in the first and last time. "- That is, the replacement of the investigation the cause (we never see it, so we see it here for the first and last time).

37) At that moment the young man appeared. - At this point, the young man appeared in the doorway. (1) In this example, the translator used the reception lexical added: added sentence in Russian "at the door."

38) The cocktails were waiting and Michael poured them out. - They've been waiting for a cocktail, Michael poured his glasses. (4) Replacement of word forms: the subject is plural in English sentence «The cocktails» is replaced by a Russian proposal subject to the singular "cocktail" (analogical transfer); permutation of the phrase «The cocktails were waiting» - «They've been waiting for a cocktail"; there is a proper name «Michael» - «Michael" (transcription); and adequacy of translation used for reception lexical added: "by the glass".

39) Julia took a cigarette and the young man struck a match for her, but his hand was trembling so much that she thought he would never be able to hold the light near enough to her cigarette, so she took his hand and held it. - Julia took out a cigarette, and the young man lit a match, but his hand was shaking so badly that she never would failed to light, so she squeezed her with his fingers. (3) To achieve equivalence translator uses this example, the following transformation: transcription - «Julia» - «Julia"; double substitution of the English word «took - take, miss ..." Russian words "took squeezed ..."; reception lexical omission - omitted the phrase «she thought»; reception semantic development: replacing cause and effect - «he would never be able to hold the light near enough to her cigarette - he could never hold a candle near her cigarette" so that "it would not for that failed to light."

40) I expect he'll be a blasted little hero in his office. - It will be a hero in his office, and all burst with envy. "(3) In this example, the translator used the techniques of lexical omission: the phrase« I expect »and« a blasted little ... »omitted; Behind them there is a reception lexical adding the words" and all burst with envy. "

41) The young man forced himself to make a remark. - A young man forced a phrase. (1) This example shows the reception semantic development: «forced himself to make a remark» (literal translation: to force yourself to make a point), ie, "forced a phrase" - replacement process investigation.

42) She gave him the quick, delightful smile, with a slight lift of her fine eyebrows, which he must often have seen her give on the stage. - Julie gave him a charming smile, gently lifting her beautiful eyebrows that he's probably not seen on stage. (2) In the first place we see the replacement of English pronouns Russian subject: «She» - «Julia." Further specification of the interpreter uses English verb with an abstract meaning in Russian proposal replaces glaolom "gifted." Further, it produces the omission of the English word «the quick», believing it to be excessive.

43) Michael gave the room a complacent glance. - Michael smugly looked around the room. (3) In this example, the following translation transformation: transcription - there is a proper name «Michael» - «Michael"; permutation - the word «... the room ...» in the English sentence is in mid-sentence, but it is Russian proposal at the end of "... the room"; specification - English phrase «gave the room a complacent glance» translated as "smugly looked around the room." (English verb «gave» has wider significance in comparison with Russian verb "looked")

44) I always design the sets myself for our plays. - I always invents interiors for our plays. (1) Here is a replacement of the word «the sets» (set, set, ...) on the Russian word - "Interiors".

45) They had moved into that house two years before, and he knew, and Julia knew, that they had put it into the hands of an expensive decorator when they were going on tour, and he had agreed to have it completely ready for them , at cost price in return for the work they promised him in the theatre, by the time they came back. - They moved into this house two years ago, and Michael as well as Julia knew that they gave it into the hands of an experienced decorator, when went on a tour of the province, and he took it completely to prepare for their arrival, and free, for what they will give him a job in the theater when they return. (3) is replaced by English pronouns proper name: «he» - «Michael"; there is a proper name «Julia» - «Julia" (transcription). To avoid repetition, omission occurs English verb «knew» («and he knew, and Julia knew ...» - «and Michael as well as Julia knew ..."). Next is the replacement value of the English word «expensive - expensive (in the price)" on Russian "experienced."

46) The house was furnished in extremely good taste, with a judicious mixture of the antique and the modern, and Michael was right when he said that it was quite obviously a gentleman's house. - The house was perfectly appointed, it successfully combines antique and modern, and Michael could rightly say that it is no doubt that the house gentleman. (2) This example uses a generalization, that is, the English phrase «was furnished in extremely good taste» (ektremalnyh was furnished in good taste), transformed into a Russian "was perfectly appointed," has a broader meaning, that is (was furnished well exquisitely, etc.). Here also there is a proper name «Michael» - «Michael," that is used in transcription.

47) Luncheon was announced and they went downstairs. - Butler announced that lunch is served, and they went down. (2) The interpreter in this example produces a replacement liability in the English sentence «Luncheon was announced» Russian asset "announced that lunch is served." Are added in the Russian sentence, the words "the butler» .48) "I hope you'll have enough to eat," said Julia. - I hope you will not go hungry - said Julia. (3) In this example, there is a antonymic transfer, ie replacing affirmative English sentence «I hope you'll have enough to eat»-Russian negative "you will not go hungry." And welcome semantic development: «you'll have enough to eat» (you will have enough to eat) means - "you will not go hungry," that is a consequence of the replacement of reasons. Next we find a proper name «Julia» - «Julia" - this is the transcription. translation equivalence transformation author

49) "Michael and I have very small appetites." - And I have a very poor appetite Michael. (4) In this example, we see the replacement of the word form: English noun plural «appetites» replaced Russian nouns in edinsvennoe including "appetite" (analogical transfer). Also, there used transcription - that is present proper name «Michael» - «Michael." Further there is a specification - replacing English phrase «Michael and I have» Russian "We have with Michael." Also, the replacement of the word «small» (small, small) on the Russian word "bad."

50) It was a meal designed to satisfy legitimate hunger, but not to produce fat. - This food could satisfy legitimate hunger, but did not give to get fat. (1) There is a liability to the replacement of Russian asset English sentence: «It was a meal designed ...» - «This food could ...".

51) The cook, warned by Margery that there was a guest to luncheon had hurriedly made some fried potatoes. - Cook, warned by Marjorie that lunchtime to be another person, prepared hastily chips. (4) In this example, there is a proper name, namely «Margery» English sentence and "Marjorie" in Russian. That is used reception transcription. Next there is a replacement of the indefinite article in the English sentence «there was a ...» numerals in Russian proposal "will be another ...". For him, it should be another change: «a guest» (guest) - "man." We also see in this example, the replacement of English noun plural «potatoes» Russian singular noun "the potato" (analogical transfer). 52) Only the young man took them. - But eating it just a guest. (2) In this example, the permutation occurs. Namely, in the English sentence, the phrase «... the young man ...» is located in the middle of a sentence, and in Russian - it is in the end of the sentence "... guest." Next there is a replacement of the English plural pronouns «them» Russian singular pronoun "it."

53) Michael stared at them gravely for a moment as though he could not quite tell what they were, and then with a little start, breaking out of a brown study, said No thank you. - Michael stared at the dish with a look that seemed not quite understand what is there, then, faintly startled awake from a gloomy reverie and said, 'No, thank you. (2) There is a proper name - Transcription: «Michael» - «Michael." Next we see the replacement Anliyskogo pronouns «them» on Russian noun "dish" with it in the singular.

54) After all, with the exercise I take I can eat anything I like. - In my exercise I can eat whatever I want. (2) In this example, used reception lexical omission: a Russian proposal omitted the phrase «After all ...» and two pronouns «.. I.. I..». A generalization also occurs: English phrase «with the exercise I take»-translated thus "at my exercise," has a broader meaning.

55) "What is it?" - Do you need anything? (1) The lack of common components between the English and Russian phrase matching entitles assume that it is produced by a holistic transformation.

56) "I was wondering if I might have a piece of bread." - Could I slice of bread? (2) In the first place we see in this example, the replacement of an affirmative proposition in English Russian interrogative. Next comes the reception lexical omission: a Russian proposal omitted the English phrase «I was wondering».

57) She gave the butler a significant glance; he was at that moment helping Michael to a glass of dry white wine, and he left the room. - Julia gave Butler expressive eyes - it is at this moment just dry white wine poured into a glass of Michael - and he left the room. (4) In this example, the translator replaces Anliyskogo pronoun proper name: «She» - «Julia"; specifies English abstract verb «gave» Russian verb narrow meaning of "quit"; there is a proper name: «Michael» --- «Michael" (transcription); reception semantic development: «helping Michael to a glass of dry white wine»-means "dry white wine poured into a glass of Michael."

58) It was stupid of Jevons not to realize that you might want some. - Jevons foolish think without thinking that you might need it. (4) There is a proper name «Jevons» - «Jevons," that is used transcription. Liability is replaced in the English sentence of the asset in the Russian sentence: «It was stupid of Jev-ons» - «Jevons foolish think." Next we see the replacement of the word «not to realize» (exercise, understand ...) to "not thinking." As well as replacing the word «want» to "need." Replacement is combined with taking lexical omission: interpreter dropped word «some», considering it lexically redundant.

59) Of course eat bread is only a habit, "said Michael. - Of course, there is the bread - it's just a habit, - said Michael. (1) In this example, the interpreter uses only a single transformation - transcription, i.e. there is a proper name «Michael» - «Michael."

60) "I don't not eat bread because I'm afraid of getting fat. - I gave up on bread because I'm afraid of getting fat. (2) In this example, we see this transformation as antonymic translation. Negative design of an English sentence "I don't not eat bread" is transformed into an assertive sentence construction in Russian: "I gave up bread." And the omission occurs English pronouns «I'm» in Russian proposal to avoid a repetition of these words.

61) He still had at fifty-two a very good figure. - For fifty-two years, Michael was still a very good figure. (2) In this example we see a permutation of the sentence: a phrase in the English sentence «He still had ...» preceded by the phrase «... at fifty-two», and in Russian proposal it follows him "For fifty-two years, Michael was still ... ". We also see the replacement of English pronouns «He» Russian subject "Michael."

62) The only thing that slightly spoiled him was the thinness of his mouth. - Only a few thin lips spoil it. (2) Here we meet again with the permutation: English phrase «... the thinness of his mouth», located at the end, moved here in the middle of the Russian proposal "... thin lips ...". Moreover, in this example, the permutation is combined with a specialization, ie there was a replacement word «the thinness of his mouth» (subtlety of his mouth) to "thin lips."

63) He was just six foot tall and he had a gallant bearing. - High - six feet tall - he was different to the same beautiful posture. (3) In this example, the translator used reception semantic development: «He was just six foot tall» - means "tall - six feet tall," that is, the process of replacing its consequence). Dictionary gives us the following meanings of «gallant»: gallant, gracious, majestic ... Interpreter replaces this value with the word "perfect" in the Russian proposal. And it lowers the English pronoun «He», in order to avoid tautology.

64) His admiration made them feel a little larger than life-size. (2) Under his admiring glances they grew in their own eyes. In this example, used reception semantic development: replacement of the reasons for his investigation, as a literal translation of the phrase is not acceptable in the Russian language: «made them feel a little larger than life-size» (made them feel a little more than life size). Dispatched result, ie, "they grew in their own eyes." Also there is an exchange word forms: singular noun in the English sentence is transformed into a phrase in the plural - «His admiration» - «Under his admiring gaze."

65) He boasted that his weight had not changed since he was twenty, and for years, wet or fine, he had got up every morning at eight to put on short s and a sweater and have a run round Regent's Park. - He boasted that his weight has remained as he was twenty years old, and for many years to get up in any weather, at eight o'clock in the morning, put on shorts and a sweater and ran through Regents Park. (2) In this example, there is a antonymic translation: replacing negative assertive Russian English sentence - «his weight had not changed» - «his weight has remained." There is a proper name, ie transcription: «Regent's Park» - «Regent's Park."

66) "Does that mean you're putting on a new play?" - You're going to put a new song? (1) Acceptance of lexical omission: the phrase in the English sentence «Does that mean», in Russian proposal omitted.

67) "Not a bit of it," answered Michael. - Not at all, - said Michael. (3) An compensation, ie the replacement of unspeakable element DICE other means which transmits the same information as the English phrase «Not a bit of it» Russian word "Not at all." It is combined with antonymic translation: English negative sentence goes into Russian affirmative. Next we see here is a proper name, that is used in this kind of transformation, as the transcription: «Michael» - «Michael." In this example, to achieve adequate translation translator used such as transformation, compensation, translation and transcription antonymic.

68) I found little bits of business had crept in that I hadn't given them and a good many liberties were being taken with the text. - I have found that in some places crept tricks, which I did not give in the formulation, and in many places the actors allow themselves to take liberties with the text. (5) In this example, the translator used the following transformations: 1) permutation - the phrase «little bits of business ...» in the English sentence precedes the verb «... had crept in», and in the Russian proposal follows him "crept ..." - "... tricks "; 2) specification - English phrase «little bits of business» concretized in the Russian proposal for the "tricks". In this sentence, there is another specification - «a good many liberties were being taken with the text» - «and in many places the actors allow themselves to take liberties with the text"; 3) replacement of the asset liability - is replaced by passive design «many liberties were being taken with the text» in the English sentence, the active construction in Russian proposal "actors can afford to take liberties with the text." 4) welcome lexical additions - in Russian proposal adds the words that are not in the English sentence "somewhere", "when setting", "in many places allow actors themselves."

69) Julia gave the young man a delightful, but slightly deprecating smile. - Julia smiled a charming young man, but a little apologetic smile. (2) Here there is a proper name, that is used reception transcription: «Julia» - «Julia." Followed by specification: English verb with an abstract meaning «gave» Russian word replaced more narrow meaning "smile."

70) "If you'd like to come and see our play," Julia said graciously, "I'm sure Michael will be delighted to give you some seats." - If you want to see this play - courtesy of Julia said, - I'm sure Michael will give you a ticket. (4) Transcriptions: there are proper names «Julia» - «Julie» and «Michael» - «Michael." Reception lexical omission: a Russian proposal omitted verb English sentence «come». Rearrange: «Julia said graciously» - «kindly said Julia." Concretization: English sentence «Michael will be delighted to give you some seats» concretized in Russian, "Michael will give you a ticket."

71) You haven't? - Really? (2) An compensation, ie the replacement of unspeakable element DICE other means which transmits the same information as the English phrase «You haven't?» Russian word "Really?". It is combined with antonymic translation: English-negative interrogative sentence goes into Russian affirmative-interrogative.

72) "You won't forget my photograph?" - You do not forget you promised me a picture? (1) Here we use lexical welcome Feature: Russian proposal added the word "promise", which is absent in the English sentence.

73) I don't say we rewrote the play, "said Michael. - I do not want to say that we remade the play - added Michael. (2) Here we see the specification, ie the replacement of the word «said» (said expressed ...) in an English sentence, narrower meaning of the word in the Russian proposal, "added." Next is the proper name «Michael» - «Michael", ie transcription.

74) "You're simply wonderful in it," the young man said. - You are just amazing, - said the young man. (2) In the same example used for the reception of lexical add more accurate communication of information, namely the Russian proposal added the word "play" is absent in the English sentence. Further, there is a permutation of the sentence: the verb in an English sentence «... said» follows the subject «the young man ...», and in the Russian sentence it precedes "said the young man."

75) "Would you?" - Really? Gift? (1) In this example, there was compensation, ie the replacement of unspeakable element DICE other means which transmits the same information as the English phrase «" Would you? "» Russian words, "Really? Treat? ".

76) He was not particularly good-looking, but he had a frank, open face and his shyness was attractive. - Young men, perhaps, could not be called, but it was an open straightforward person, and even shyness seemed attractive. (3) In this example, there is a replacement pronoun «He» in the English sentence on the noun "boy" in the Russian proposal. Further there is a permutation: «a frank, open face» - «open straightforward person." Fleshing: English phrase «He was not particularly good-looking» concretized in Russian "handsome man, perhaps, it was impossible to call" and «was» - «seemed."

77) He had curly light brown hair, but it was plastered down and Julia thought how much better he would look if, instead of trying to smooth out the wave with brilliantine, he made the most of it. - Wavy light brown hair was carefully combed, and Julia thought, how much more would it matter if he did not use brilliantine. (5) Here we see a proper name «Julia» - «Julia", ie transcription. Interpreter applied welcome lexical omission: a Russian proposal omitted the phrase «He had», and also omitted the English phrase «he made the most of it». Also, in this example, we see the specification: English phrase «how much better he would look if, instead of trying to smooth out the wave with brilliantine» concretized in the Russian phrase "how much more would it matter if he did not use brilliantine." And the specification is combined with antonymic translation: English declarative sentence replaced Russian negative.

78) He looked nice and clean. - The young man looked neat and nice. (2) Interpreter produced in this example, the replacement of subject pronouns: «He» - «young man." And reshuffle adjectives in English and Russian proposals: «nice and clean» (nice and clean) - "neat and nice."

79) "I suppose you've never had anything to do with the theatre from the inside before?" She said. - You truly have never had to happen behind the scenes? - She asked. (5) In this example, there is a replacement value and a rearrangement of the English phrase «I suppose» in Russian proposal "right." And it is followed by specification, ie Russian proposal concretized English phrase «never had anything to do with the theatre from the inside before» - «had not had to happen behind the scenes", and here too there is a permutation of the words «... before» - « before ... "and« she said »-« she asked. " And one more specification: English verb with a wide value is specified in the Russian verb more narrow meaning «said» - «asked."

80) You can't think how it thrills me. - You have no idea what this means to me! (1) Here we see the specification, that is the English phrase «how it thrills me.», Which means "it worries me" is specified in the Russian proposal on "what it means to me!".

81) "Then it can't be as like me as I thought." - So, here I am not so similar as thought. (2) Specification of: «Then it can't be as like me as I thought» - «So, here I am not so similar as thought." Combined with a permutation in the Russian offer English pronouns «... as I thought» - «So I'm here ...".

82) Are you going to act in the next play? - And you'll be playing in a new play, Mr. Gosselin? (1) Here we use lexical welcome additions - namely, added the phrase "Mr. Gosselin," is not in the English version.

83) I find it almost impossible to find a part to suit me. - Almost impossible to find a role in my role. (1) In this example, there is a replacement phrase in the English sentence «to suit me» Russian phrase "my role", ie instantiation occurs.

84) They don't seem able to write good lines any more. - They seem to have forgotten how to write at all. (3) In this example, seen antonymic transfer, ie English negative sentence passed on Russian language affirmative proposition. Occurs permutation of the sentence: «They don't seem» - «It looks like them." Also visible here concretization: English phrase «don't seem able to write good lines any more» concretized in Russian "they generally have forgotten how to write."

85) "The fact remains, we can't do without them," smiled Julia. - However, the fact remains that we can not do without them - Julia smiled. (2) There is a proper name, that is used reception transcription: «Julia» - «Julia." Translated used specification, ie English sentence «The fact remains, we can't do without them» concretized in Russian "However, the fact remains that we can not do without them", with the singular noun in the English sentence goes into a plural noun number in the Russian proposal.

86) In the great days of the English stage people didn't go to see the plays, they went to see the players. (1) - In the heyday of the great English stage people went to see the play, they went to see the actors. In this example, in the Russian version added the word "prosperity." Interpreter used for reception lexical add more accurate translation of the proposal.

87) That's because the public isn't really interested in the theatre. - The fact that the public is no longer really interested in theater. (2) In this example, there is a replacement for the asset liability: «the public isn't really interested in ...» - «public ceased really interested ..."; specification: the English verb with an abstract meaning «isn't» is replaced in the Russian verb sentence more narrow meaning "stopped."

88) And even now, though I don't deny that if the play's wrong you're dished, I do contend that if the play's right, it's the actors the public go to see, not the play. - Even though I do not deny if the play is bad, we burn. Yet, when it is good, even now spectators come to watch the actors and not the play. (4) In this example, there is a division of one English sentence into two Russian. Of translational transformations we see here: techniques lexical omission - the Russian version omitted the English phrase «And even now» and «I do contend»; concretization - «if the play's wrong you're dished» - «if the play is bad, we burn"; «If the play's right, it's the actors the public go to see, not the play» - «Yet, when it is good, even now, spectators come to watch the actors and not the play."

89) "I don't think anyone can deny that," said Julia. - I think, none of this would argue - said Julia. (3) antonymic translation: English negative sentence is replaced by the Russian affirmative «I don't think anyone can deny that» - «I think, none of this would argue." Transcription: «Julia» - «Julia." Concretization: «anyone can deny that» - «none of this would argue."

90) "All an actress like Julia wants is a vehicle. - This actress, Julia, you need one - a work where it can be seen. (2) In this example, there is a proper name: «Julia» - «Julia" (transcription); indefinite article «a» is translated numeral "one." Next, use the techniques of lexical additions: a Russian proposal added the phrase that is not in the English version - "where it can be seen."

91) I'm afraid we must admit that he's partial where I'm concerned. "I'm afraid, where it comes to me, he's a little biased. (2) In this example, the use of reception occurs lexical omission: existing in the English sentence, the phrase «we must admit that ...» in the Russian proposal does. Further there is a rearrangement of phrases in English and Russian proposals: «he's partial where I'm concerned» - «where it comes to me, he's a little biased."

92) "Oh, that's only an idea that people have got because I take care never to do anything but what I can do." - I just beware do what I can not. Hence my reputation. (4) In this example, one English sentence is divided into two Russian. Here we use lexical omissions reception: English phrase «Oh, that's only an idea that people have got because ...» in the Russian proposal omitted. Simultaneously with the acquisition of lexical omissions in this example uses lexical reception Added: Russian translation added in the sentence "This and my reputation." That is not in an English sentence. Also, we see antonymic translation: English phrase is transformed into a positive negative Russian: «what I can do» - «what can not." For more adequate translation, the translator used in this example is also the specification, that is the English sentence «I take care never to do anything but what I can do.» Translated as "I Just beware do what I can."

93) "I think when you've finished your coffee, young man, we ought to be going." - Well, young man, we should go. (1) In this example, the translator used the reception lexical omission: a Russian proposal omitted the English phrase «I think when you've finished your coffee».

94) Come along and we'll choose one. - Come on, we choose together. (2) In this example, we see the reception lexical omission: English numeral omitted «one». Also, the replacement of the English pronoun «we» Russian word "together."

95) She took him into a fair-sized room behind the dining-room. - Julie led him into a large room behind the dining room. (1) In this example, the replacement of English pronouns «She» Russian proper name "Julia."

96) Over the chimney-piece was an old copy of Lawrence's portrait of Kemble as Hamlet. - Above the fireplace hung a portrait of an old copy of Kemble as Hamlet Laurence brush. (2) The interpreter used in this example, the specification: «was» - «hung" Transcript: «Lawrence's portrait of Kemble as Hamlet» - «... Kemble as Hamlet brush Lawrence", replacement of the English preposition: «as» - «as . "

97) On a small table was a pile of typescript plays. - On the table was a pile of typewritten plays. (2) The English phrase «a small table» Russian translated the word "table", that is happening specification. Followed by another specification: English verb abstract value «was» (be, exist, happen ...) is specified in the Russian verb with a narrower meaning of "lying."

98) The room was surrounded by bookshelves under which were cupboards, and from one of these Julia took a bundle of her latest photographs. - On the walls were bookshelves, closed bottom doors. Opening the door, Julia took a pack of their latest photos. (5) In the first place, in this example, we see the breakdown of a complex English sentence into two simple Russian. Is replaced by a passive asset. And this change is combined with specification: Part of an English sentence «The room was surrounded by bookshelves under which were cupboards» concretized in Russian "The walls were bookshelves, bottom closed doors." Reception lexical omission: a Russian proposal omitted the English phrase «and from one of these ...». We also see another specification: English verb with a wider value is replaced by Russian verb more narrow meaning: «took» (take, miss, master ...) - "took." Transcription by giving proper name «Julia» - «Julia."

99) She handed one to the young man. - Handed one of them a young man. (1) Here comes the omission of pronouns English sentence «She».

100) "This one is not so bad." - This does not seem so bad. (1) In this example, the specification occurs, that is, the English verb with an abstract value is translated into Russian word, with a narrower meaning: «is» - «it seems."

101) She gave him another sort of smile, just a trifle roguish; she lowered her eyelids for a second and then raising them gazed at him for a little with that soft expression that people described as her velvet look. - At this time, her smile was different, slightly mischievous; Julie lowered her lashes for a moment, then lifted them, looked at him with that soft look in his eyes that fans called it a velvety look. (4) In this example, there are welcome lexical omission: a Russian proposal to avoid repeating omitted English phrase «for a little». Rearrangement occurs: «lowered her eyelids for a second» - «lowered lashes for a moment." Also there is a replacement of parts of speech, namely the replacement of English pronouns «she» Russian proper name "Julia." Also, we see the specification: «She gave him another sort of smile» - «This time her smile was different."

102) She had no object in doing this. She did it, if not mechanically, from an instinctive desire to please. - She did not pursue this any purpose, did it just mechanically, from the instinctive desire to please. (3) In the first place, we see the union proposals: two British proposals combined into one Russian. Present reception lexical omission - namely, the omission of the second sentence Russian English pronouns «She». English sentence "She had no object in doing this" - if literally translated, then we would have: "She had no objection to doing so," this translation is stylistically incorrect, so the interpreter uses the device of semantic development: the process of replacing a consequence " She did not pursue this any purpose. " This translation is adequate.

103) She glanced at the photograph again. - Julia looked at the picture again. (2) There is a replacement of parts of speech, namely the replacement of Russian English pronouns proper name: «She» - «Julia." And permutation: English sentence, the word «... again» standing in the end, while in the Russian proposal, it is in the middle of the sentence "... again ...".

104) The photographer had so posed her, with her help, as to show her at her best. - Photographer planted it, not without her help, the best way. (3) In this example, we see antonymic translation - affirmative construction in the English sentence "with her help" is replaced by the negative construction in Russian proposal "is not without its help." In addition to this type of translational transformations, in this example, the interpreter used more and specification: English verb «posed» (pose-pose, pose ...) translated as "planted." A British design «to show her at her best» replaced by the following Russian design "the best way", that is used reception semantic development - the reason replaced investigation.

105) Her nose was slightly thick, but he had managed by his lighting to make it look very delicate, not a wrinkle marred the smoothness of her skin, and there was a melting look in her fine eyes. - Her nose was a little bit thick, but thanks to skillful lighting, it's not much; no wrinkle smooth skin is not broken, from the view of her beautiful eyes involuntarily heart melted. (3) In this example, the interpreter uses the techniques of semantic development - the reason replaced consequence: «but he had managed by his lighting to make it look very delicate» - «but, thanks to skillful lighting, it's not much," and another change causes consequence - «and there was a melting look in her fine eyes» - «from the sight of her beautiful eyes involuntarily melted heart." Next is the replacement of the indefinite article «not a wrinkle» Russian numeral "no wrinkle."

106) "Enough for that." - For this - enough. (1) And here we see this kind of translation transformation as a permutation: an English sentence, the word «Enough» preceded by the phrase «for that», and in Russian proposal it follows him - "For this" - "enough."

107) She sat at the desk and with her bold, flowing hand wrote: Yours sincerely, Julia Lambert. - Julie sat down at his desk and wrote a clear smooth handwriting: "Sincerely, Julia Lambert." (3) In this example, there is a replacement of parts of speech, namely the replacement of English pronouns «She» Russian proper name "Julia." There is a proper name «Julia Lambert» - «Julia Lambert" - means used here transcription. And also happens rearrangement of parts of speech: «Yours sincerely» - «Sincerely."

108) She liked to think she looked like that. - Average would actually look like. (1) Acceptance of semantic development, ie the replacement of cause and effect.

109) "Not bad for a woman of forty-six," she smiled. - "Not bad for forty-six years - she smiled. (2) In this example, we used two kinds of translational transformations: reception lexical omission - in Russian proposal omitted the English word« a woman », and permutation -« she smiled »-« she smiled . "

110) It was just before the end of the war that she fell out of love with him. - Shortly before the end of the war it fell out of love Julia. (2) In this example, the translation provided by the subordinate adverbial sentences. That is, there is a replacement of a complex sentence simple. Also, another change occurs. This is the replacement English Russian pronouns proper name: «she» - «Julia."

111) She was pregnant at the time. - She was pregnant at the time. (1) In the analyzed sample, we can see one of translational transformations - permutation, that is a permutation of the English word pregnant at the end of the Russian sentence: ... pregnant at the time. - ... While pregnant.

112) The baby was expected at the end of the year. - Childbirth upcoming end of the year. (2) Here we see the specification: the dictionary gives the following Russian translation of the English word «baby» (baby, baby, appendix). Interpreter replaced this translation more appropriate in this context - "birth." Next there is a replacement liability assembly: «was expected» - «ahead for."

113) She looked forward to Michael's next leave as she had never done before. - Julia waiting for the next release of Michael as never before. (1) use the technique of lexical omission: the Russian version omitted some English translation elements «as she had never done».

114) She was feeling very well, but she had a great yearning to feel his arms around her, she felt a little lost, a little helpless, and she wanted his protective strength. - She felt fine, but a little bewildered and helpless, terrible longing for his embrace, so she needed his protection and patronage. (4) In this example, we see the following transformation in the complex: permutation - English verb «feeling» passed in the beginning of the Russian sentence "She felt herself well ..."; another permutation - homogeneous parts of the sentence in the English sentence given after the expression «to feel his arms around her ...», in translation are after him: «to feel his arms around her, she felt a little lost, a little helpless» - « but a little bewildered and helpless, terrible longing for his embrace. " Here there is reception lexical omission: a Russian proposal omitted the English word «a little»: «she felt a little lost, a little helpless» - «a little bewildered and helpless." And in the end of a sentence, we see the specification: «she wanted his protective strength» - «so she needed his protection and patronage."

115) "You're the most wonderful little wife," he whispered. - You are my dear wife, - he whispered. (2) This example uses a specification that is the English expression «You're the most wonderful little wife» interpreter translated this way: "You are my sweet little wife." Rearrange pronoun in the English sentence is moved from the beginning to the end: «he whispered» - «he whispered."

116) He pressed his mouth to hers. - He pressed his lips to hers. (1) The translator found it necessary to use this translation of the compensation that is used more suitable for the Russian context, the word "lips".

117) She realized that he no longer smelt like a youth, he smelt like a man. - Julia realized that he had lost his youth and flavor was just a man. (2) is replaced pronouns «She» Russian proper name "Julia." Further there is compensation: the replacement of unspeakable element DICE, that is the English expression «no longer smelt like a youth, he smelt like a man» other means which transmits the same information, "he lost his youth and flavor was just a man."

118) They had breakfast in their room, Julia in bed and Michael seated at a little table by her side. - They had breakfast in the bedroom, Julia - in bed, Michael - a small table nearby. (2) Here we see the transcription, ie translated proposals present proper names «Julia», «Michael» - «Julia", "Michael." And the specification: the phrase is specified in the English sentence «in their room» - «in the bedroom."

119) She looked at him while he read the paper. - She stared at him, while he was reading a newspaper, sharp, appraising look. (1) In this example, the interpreter used lexical welcome additions: Russian proposal to add the words that are not in the English sentence "sharp, appraising look."

120) The house faced the gardens. - House overlooks the garden. (1) This example uses a specification: that is the English phrase «faced the gardens» is translated into Russian phrase "overlook the garden."

121) MICHAEL got himself demobbed the moment the war was finished and stepped straight into a part. - Michael literally discharged on the same day as the war ended, and immediately got the gig. (3) At the beginning of the sentence, we see the transcription, ie there is a proper name: «MICHAEL» - «Michael." Next, the interpreter uses the specification, that is the word «the moment» is specified in the Russian phrase "literally on the same day." Further used another specification: «and stepped straight into a part» - «and immediately got the gig."

122) The breeziness he had acquired in the army was effective. - Careless habits acquired by them in the army, were on the scene is very spectacular. (1) Here we use lexical welcome additions: a Russian proposal added the word "on stage."

123) He never attempted to play anyone but himself. - Michael never tried to play anyone other than himself. (1) In this example, we see this transformation as antonymic translation. Affirmative construction of an English sentence «He never attempted» transformed into a negative sentence structure in Russian: "Michael never tried."

124) He specialized in men about town, gentlemanly gamblers, guardsmen and young scamps with a good side to them. - He specialized in roles bon vivant rich rogues, gentlemen players, guards and nice young slackers. (1) Here again we meet with specification: «men about town, gentlemanly gamblers, guardsmen and young scamps with a good side to them» - «bon vivant rich rogues, gentlemen players, guards and nice young slackers."

125) His father and mother died. - Parents Michael died. (1) This example uses a generalization, that is, the English phrase: «His father and mother» --- (literal translation: "his father and mother"), the translator replaces a word that has a broader meaning "parents" (father and mother).

126) In the end the money was found by a rich woman, and not an old one either, but who was interested not in him but in Julia. - And yet they found a woman with money, and not an old woman, but she was not interested in Michael and Julia. (3) In this example, we meet with such transformations as: transcription - there is a proper name «Julia» - «Julia"; Replacement English possessive pronoun «him» Russian proper name "Michael"; English replacement liability «the money was found by a rich woman» Russian asset "they found a woman with money."

127) Mrs. de Vries was a widow ... - Dolly de Vries was a widow. (1) In this example, we see another transcription giving proper name «Mrs. de Vries »-« Dolly de Vries. "

128) When Julia and Michael had decided to try their luck in London Jimmie Langton ... - When Julia and Michael decided to try his luck in London, Jimmy Langton ... (4) Again, we see transcription: «Julia ... Michael ... London Jimmie Langton» - "Julia ... Michael ... London, Jimmy Langton."

129) She had seen Julia act in Middlepool. - Mrs. de Vries had seen Julia in Middlpule. (2) is replaced English pronouns «She» Russian proper name "Mrs. de Vries." Further, the English word «act» concretized Russian phrase "already seen", that is used specification.

130) Julia refused to approach her. - And Julia refused to resort to her aid. (2) Again, the interpreter uses the transcription of giving a proper name «Julia» - «Julia." Next, it uses the specification: the English verb «to approach her» is specified by the context in Russian phrase "recourse to her aid."

131) I'm quite sure you could get round her if you tried. "- I'm sure you could prevail upon her if she wanted to. (1) This example uses a specification: English verb with a broader meaning «tried» Russian verb replaced with a narrower meaning "wanted."

132) Julia was pretty sure she could too. - Julia did not doubt this. (2) Here we see the transcription of giving a proper name «Julia» - «Julia." And antonymic translation: affirmative construction in the English sentence «Julia was pretty sure» replaced negative construction in Russian sentence "Julia did not doubt this."

133) But he was not a man who let a thing drop when he had set his mind to it. - But Michael was not one of those easy to step back from what is conceived. (1) is replaced English pronouns «he» Russian proper name "Michael."

134) They were going to Guildford to spend the week-end with Dolly, and were driving down after the Saturday night's performance in the new car that Julia had given Michael for his birthday. - Gosselin went to Guildford to spend Saturday and Sunday at Dolly, the new car, which gave Julia Michael birthday. (6) In this example, we see a number of transcriptions: «Guildford ... Dolly ... Julia ... Michael» - «Guildford ... Dolly ... Julia ... Michael." Replacing the English pronoun «They» Russian proper name "Gosselin." Next, use the techniques of lexical omission: in Russian proposal omitted the English phrase «and were driving down after the Saturday night's performance».

135) "I tell you, I'm not going to." - I'm telling you: I will not ask. (1) Acceptance of lexical additions: a Russian proposal added the phrase, which is absent in the English version «I'm not going to» - «I will not ask."

136) "She wouldn't do it for me. You can twist her round your little finger. "- I will not allow it. And you can of her rope twist. (2) Here we used the specification: the English verb with an abstract meaning «do» verb replaced with a narrower meaning of "give." After that, the interpreter uses another specification: «You can twist her round your little finger» - «And you can twist the rope from her."

137) We know a thing or two about financing plays now. - We're already well aware of the conditions under which finance plays. (1) In this example, found it necessary to use an interpreter specification: «We know a thing or two about financing plays» - «We're already well aware of the conditions under which finance plays."

138) People finance plays for two reasons, either because they want notoriety, or because they're in love with someone. - Or a person wants to get the glory, even bad, or someone he is in love. (1) The interpreter used in this example receiving lexical omission: a Russian translation of the English version omitted the phrase «People finance plays for two reasons».

139) Of course Julia had sharp eyes ... - Of course, Julia - woman insightful ... (2) where there is a proper name, that is, we see Transcript: «Julia» - «Julia." Next, use the technique of semantic development: the reason replaces consequence: «Julia had sharp eyes» - «Julia - woman insightful."

140) Well, he could honestly say he'd never done a thing to make her think there was anything doing. - Well, he can honestly say that never gave her hope. (1) In this example, used reception lexical omission, that is, in Russian translation of the English sentence, omitted the phrase «to make her think there was anything doing».

141) It was disconcerting the way Julia knew what he was thinking. - Michael embarrassed. And as Julia always guesses what he thinks? (2) In this example, there is a permutation proposal, namely, the division offers: one Russian proposal transformed into two Russian proposal. Next we see the specification, ie interpreter specifies the value of the English word «knew» Russian "guesses."

142) After all I've got eyes in my head. - In the end, I also have eyes. (1) here comes the omission of the English phrase «in my head», that is used lexical welcome omission.

143) Mrs. de Vries was waiting up for them. - Mrs. de Vries did not sleep waiting for them. (2) In this example, there is a proper name «Mrs. de Vries »-« Mrs. de Vries, "that is used in transcription. Next we meet with the reception lexical additions in Russian sentence translator added the phrase "did not sleep", which is missing in the English version.

144) Michael, who had the room next hers, had come in to say good morning, and then gone out into the garden. - Michael, who was sleeping in the next room, looked to wish her good morning and went into the garden. (3) Here there is a proper name, that is used transcription «Michael» - «Michael." Further specification is used, that is, the English verb with a broader meaning «had» transformed verb with a narrower meaning of "sleeping." It is followed by another specification: English verb «to say» with the value (say, say ...) to replace Russian verb "wish".