Национальный менталитет и его отражение в языке (на примере английского языка)

1. изучить теоретическую базу на тему понятия «английский национальный менталитет»;

2. определить составные компоненты данного понятия;

Краткий перечень выявленных компонентов: индивидуализм, большая горизонтальная дистанция, деятельный тип культуры, монохронный тип культуры, личное пространство (privacy), позитивное мышление, эмоциональная сдержанность, английский патриотизм.

3. выявить влияние национального английского менталитета на состав и строение английского языка.

В ходе практического исследования было подтверждено влияние компонентов понятия «английский менталитет» как на синтаксическую и грамматическую структуру английского языка, так и на его лексический состав на примере текстов американских и английских национальных сказок, которые в достаточном количестве содержат в своих текстах признаки проявления культурных ценностей англоязычного мира, описанных в теоретической части работы.

Список литературы

1. Ануфриев Е., Лесная Л.В. Российский менталитет как социально-политический и духовный феномен // Социально-политический журнал. Вып.17. -М.,1997.

2. Виссон Л. Русские проблемы в английской речи. Слова и фразы в контексте двух культур. пер. с английского Р. Валент - М.:КомКнига, 2003.

3. Волчок Т. Гражданское воспитание на уроках общественных дисциплин в связи с новым менталитетом - М.: АСТ, 1997.

4. Гачев Г. Национальные образы мира. Космо-Психо-Логос. - М.: Академический Проект, 2007.

5. Гуревич А. редставления средневекового европейца о пространстве и времени // Гуревич А.Я. Категории средневековой культуры. - М.: Академия гуманитарных исследований, 1984.

6. Динцельбахер П. Коллективная монография Европейская история менталитета: основные темы в отдельных исследованиях. - Stuttgart, 2008.

7. Карасик В. Языковой округ: личность, концепты, дискурс. - Волгоград: Перемена, 2002.

8. Краминская Н.М. Диалектика сознательного и бессознательного в философских воззрениях Ф.М. Достоевского//Известия Тульского государственного университета. Гуманитарные науки, - Тула: Изд-во Тульского гос. университета, 2016.

9. Конецкий В. За Доброй Надеждой. - М.: Сов.Россия, 1987.

10. Ларина Т. Англичане и русские: язык, культура, коммуникация. - М.: Языки славянских культур, 2013.

11. Лихачев Д. Раздумья. - М.: АРС, 1991.

12. Лурье С. Историческая этнология: Учеб. пособие для вузов. - М.: Аспект Пресс, 1998.

13. Любимов М. Гуляние с Чеширским котом: Мемуар-эссе об английской душе. - М.: Б.С.Г.-ПРЕСС, 2004.

14. Майол Э., Милстед Д. Эти странные англичане/пер. с англ. И.Тогоевой. - М.: Эгмонт Россия Лтд., 2001.

15. Марков Б. Философская антропология: очерки истории и теории. - СПб.: Лань, 1997.

16. Марков Б. Разум и сердце: История и теория менталитета. - СПб: Изд-во С.- Петербургского ун-та, 1993.

17. Мейер Ф. История литературы и история менталитета. - Amsterdam: Poetics, 1989.

18. Новиков А.О менталитете саха / Анатолий Новиков. - Якутск : Аналит. центр при Президенте Респ. Саха, 1996.

19. Овчинников В. Корни дуба. Впечатления и размышления об Англии и англичанах. №4-7 - М.: Новый мир 1979.

20. Пушкарев Л. Что такое менталитет? Историографические заметки - М.: АСТ, 1995.

21. Сакин С., Тетерский П. Больше Бена. - М: ООО МАМА ПРЕСС, 2002.

22. Фокс К. Наблюдая за англичанами. Скрытые правила поведения. - М.: Рипол Классик, 2008.

23. Шмелев А. Русская языковая модель мира. Материалы к словарю. - М. Языки славянской культуры, 2002.

24. Adler, Ronald and George Rodman. Understanding Human Communication. - San Diego: Harcourt Brace College, 1997.

25. Jandt, Fred An Introduction to Intercultural Communication, - Dallas: DPC, 1995.

26. Goddard, Cliff and Wierzbicka Anna. Discourse and Culture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

27. Kluckhohn, F.R. and Strodtbeck, F.L.Variations in Value Orientation. - Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1961.

28. Hofstede, Geert H. Cultures and Organisations: Software in the mind. - London: McGraw-Hill Book company (UK) Limited, 1991.

29. Hofstede, Geert H Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. - Beverly Hills CA: Sage Publications, 1984.

30. Hall Edward Twitchell Jr Hidden Differences: Studies in International Communication. Hamburg: Grunder & Jahr, 1983.

31. Paxman, Jeremy The English: A Portrait of a People. - London: Penguin Group, 1999.

32. Wierzbicka, Anna Russian Culture Scripts: The Theory of Cultural Script-sand its applications. Ethos, 2002.

Лексикографические источники:

33. Степин С. Новая философская энциклопедия: В 4 тт. М.: Мысль, 2001.

34. Маргулис А. Холодная А. Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок, New York: McFarland Inc., 1974.

35. Oxford Dictionary of English - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Материалы, использованные в практической части работы:

36. Jacobs Joseph, English Fairy Tales, 1890.

37. L. Frank Baum, Mother Goose in Prose, 1897.

Английские народные сказки (без указания автора):

Ali and the sultan's saddle, Earl Mar's Daughter, Fairy Ointment, Johnny-Cake Kate Crackernuts, Lazy Jack, Master of All Masters, Mr Fox, The Ass, the Table and the Stick, The Cat and the Mouse, The Cauld Lad of Hilton, The Fish and the Ring, The Golden Arm, The Magpie's Nest, The Strange Visitor, The Three Heads of the Wel, The Well of the World's End, Whittington and his Cat

Приложение 1

Пример одного из использованных англоязычных текстов: сказка «The Old Woman And Her Pig» из сборника «British Fairy Tales» автора Jacobs Joseph

THE OLD WOMAN AND HER PIG

An Old Woman was sweeping her house, and she found a little crooked sixpence. “What,” said she, “shall I do with this little sixpence? I will go to market, and buy a little pig.” As she was coming home, she came to a stile: but the piggy wouldn't go over the stile. She went a little further, and she met a dog. So she said to the dog: “Dog! bite pig; piggy won't go over the stile; and I shan't get home to-night.” But the dog wouldn't. She went a little further, and she met a stick. So she said: “Stick! stick! beat dog! dog won't bite pig; piggy won't get over the stile; and I shan't get home to-night.” But the stick wouldn't. She went a little further, and she met a fire. So she said: “Fire! fire! burn stick; stick won't beat dog; dog won't bite pig; piggy won't get over the stile; and I shan't get home tonight.” But the fire wouldn't. She went a little further, and she met some water. So she said: “Water, water! quench fire; fire won't burn stick; stick won't beat dog; dog won't bite pig; piggy won't get over the stile; and I shan't get home to-night.” But the water wouldn't. She went a little further, and she met an ox. So she said: “Ox! ox! drink water; water won't quench fire; fire won't burn stick; stick won't beat dog; dog won't bite pig; piggy won't get over the stile; and I shan't get home to-night.” But the ox wouldn't. She went a little further, and she met a butcher. So she said: “Butcher! butcher! kill ox; ox won't drink water; water won't quench fire; fire won't burn stick; stick won't beat dog; dog won't bite pig; piggy won't get over the stile; and I shan't get home to-night.” But the butcher wouldn't. She went a little further, and she met a rope. So she said: “Rope! rope! hang butcher; butcher won't kill ox; ox won't drink water; water won't quench fire; fire won't burn stick; stick won't beat dog; dog won't bite pig; piggy won't get over the stile; and I shan't get home to-night.” But the rope wouldn't. She went a little further, and she met a rat. So she said: “Rat! rat! gnaw rope; rope won't hang butcher; butcher won't kill ox; ox won't drink water; water won't quench fire; fire won't burn stick; stick won't beat dog; dog won't bite pig; piggy won't get over the stile; and I shan't get home to-night.” But the rat wouldn't. She went a little further, and she met a cat. So she said: “Cat! cat! kill rat; rat won't gnaw rope; rope won't hang butcher; butcher won't kill ox; ox won't drink water; water won't quench fire; fire won't burn stick; stick won't beat dog; dog won't bite pig; piggy won't get over the stile; and I shan't get home to-night.” But the cat said to her, “If you will go to yonder cow, and fetch me a saucer of milk, I will kill the rat.” So away went the old woman to the cow. But the cow said to her: “If you will go to yonder haystack, and fetch me a handful of hay, I'll give you the milk.” So away went the old woman to the haystack and she brought the hay to the cow. As soon as the cow had eaten the hay, she gave the old woman the milk; and away she went with it in a saucer to the cat. As soon as the cat had lapped up the milk, the cat began to kill the rat; the rat began to gnaw the rope; the rope began to hang the butcher; the butcher began to kill the ox; the ox began to drink the water; the water began to quench the fire; the fire began to burn the stick; the stick began to beat the dog; the dog began to bite the pig; the little pig in a fright jumped over the stile, and so the old woman got home that night.

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