Художня, літературознавча і фольклористична парадигма ранньої творчості Пантелеймона Куліша

АНОТАЦІЯ

Івашків Василь. Художня, літературознавча і фольклористична парадигма ранньої творчості Пантелеймона Куліша. - Монографія.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора філологічних наук зі спеціальностей 10.01.01 - українська література та 10.01.07 - фольклористика. - Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка. - Львів, 2009.

Дисертація є першим у сучасній філологічній науці системним дослідженням ранньої творчості видатного українського письменника Пантелеймона Куліша (1819-1897) у всій її повноті - від етнографічно-художніх романтичних оповідань 1840 р. до подорожніх нотаток, зроблених під час поїздки до Варшави на початку 1847 року. Період 1840 - початку 1847 рр. важливий тим, що у цей час Куліш формувався як талановитий письменник-романтик, передусім прозаїк, фольклорист, літературний критик, публіцист, історик, починався як поет і перекладач, організатор культурно-літературного процесу. Уперше ґрунтовно проаналізовано особливості художнього змісту творів “воронізького циклу”, ідилії “Орися”, історичних романів “Михайло Чарнышенко, или Малороссия восемьдесят лет назад” і “Чорна рада” (рукописні та опубліковані ранні редакції), епопеї “Україна” та її прозового відповідника “Книги о ділах народу українського і славного Війська козацького Запорозького”, видатної історіософської праці “Повесть об украинском народе”. З'ясовано особливості ролі й місця у творах Куліша українського фольклору, збиранню, дослідженню й публікаціям якого він приділяв дуже багато часу. Всебічно розглянуто також доробок раннього Куліша - фольклориста, літературного критика та публіциста у контексті його суспільно-політичної діяльності.

Ключові слова: парадигма, романтизм, фольклоризм, історіософія, ідилія, романтична повість, український історичний роман, поема-епопея, фольклорно-літературні містифікації.

Ивашкив Василий. Художественная, литературоведческая и фольклористическая парадигма раннего творчества Пантелеймона Кулиша. - Монография.

Диссертация на соискание научной степени доктора филологических наук по специальностям 10.01.01 - украинская литература и 10.01.07 - фольклористика. - Львовский национальный университет имени Ивана Франко. - Львов, 2009.

Диссертация является первым в современной филологической науке системным исследованием раннего творчества выдающегося украинского писателя Пантелеймона Кулиша (1819-1897), которое рассмотрено в полном объеме - от этнографическо-художественных романтических рассказов 1840 г. до путевых заметок, сделанных во время поездки в Варшаву в начале 1847 года. Период 1840 - начала 1847 гг. важен тем, что Кулиш в это время формировался как талантливый писатель-романтик (прежде всего прозаик), фольклорист, литературный критик, публицист, историк; тогда же происходило его становление как поэта и переводчика, организатора культурно-литературного процесса. Впервые всесторонне проанализированы особенности художественного содержания произведений “воронежского цикла”, идиллии “Орися”, исторических романов “Михайло Чарнышенко, или Малороссия восемьдесят лет назад” и “Чорна рада” (рукописные и напечатанные ранние редакции), эпопеи “Україна” и её прозаического аналога “Книги о ділах народу українського і славного Війська козацького Запорозького”, выдающегося историософского труда “Повесть об украинском народе”. Уяснены особенности роли и места в произведениях Кулиша украинского фольклора, собиранию, исследованию и публикациям которого он уделял много времени. Комплексно проанализировано написанное ранним Кулишом - фольклористом, литературным критиком и публицистом - в контексте его общественно-политической деятельности.

Ключевые слова: парадигма, романтизм, фольклоризм, историософия, идиллия, романтическая повесть, украинский исторический роман, поэма-эпопея, фольклорно-литературные мистификации.

Vasyl' Ivashkiv. Artistic, Literary and Folkloristic Paradigm of Early Works by Pantelymon Kulish. - Monograph.

A thesis for the Doctorate Degree in Philology, Specialities 10.01.01 - Ukrainian Literature and 10.01.07 - Folklore Studies. - L'viv Ivan Franko National University. - L'viv, 2009.

For the first time in modern philological science the thesis represents a complex study of early works by a famous Ukrainian writer Panteleymon Kulish (1819-1897) from ethnographic romantic short stories of the 1840-ies to journey notes made during a trip to Warsaw at the beginning of 1847. The period of 1840 - the beginning of 1847 appears particularly significant since at that time P. Kulish has been formed as a talented writer-romanticist, first and foremost as a prose writer, a folklorist, a literary critic, a publicist, a historian, has become a poet and translator, organizer of the cultural-literary process.

It has been emphasized that P. Kulish's works of this period are characterized by integral entwinement of two fundamental lines - a national (history and Ukrainian folklore) and a foreign one (i.e. literary influences of traditions of European literatures, namely Slavonic, German and English). It has been stressed that in this syncretism of his artistic individuality P. Kulish demonstrated clear preference to the national factor, however in the end he became one of Ukrainian artists who, according to T. Shevchenko, didn't discard his own culture and still absorbed the cultural heritage of other countries.

For the first time in philology there has been carried out an in-depth analysis of artistic contents of the works belonging to “Voronizh cycle”, idyll “Orysya”, historical novels “Mykhaylo Charnyshenko, or Malorossiya Eighty Years Ago” and “The Commoners' Council” (both manuscript and published early editions). It has been proved that among the most essential features of these prose works by the young romanticist there is constant use of Ukrainian folklore, to collecting, analysis and publication of which P. Kulish paid a considerable amount of time. Furthermore, the writer's early works demonstrate his desire for artistic usage of folklore - from pastiches of folk legends and traditional stories to interpretations of folklore plots and motives in their texts, using them mostly for making a certain plot line or idea more expressive. A considerable role of folk-poetic elements appears obvious in P. Kulish's idylls, especially in the first editions of these works, in particular “Orysya”. The presence of folklore factor has not been confined here to the legend about Tur's Mount; with the help of folk-poetic texts the writer has illustrated his characters' thoughts, their actions and intentions have been accompanied by folk songs.

The thesis underlines that P. Kulish's first historical novel “Mykhaylo Charnyshenko, or Malorossiya Eighty Years Ago” is characterized by using themes and motives of Ukrainian historical epos - dumas. The reason for this is the fact that the artistic plot of this novel and its main idea are largely predetermined by folklore evaluation of events which have been described, and the folklore theme of father's curse is a principal one (V. Petrov), its expressiveness being enhanced by motivated usage of folk dumas “A Storm at the Black Sea” and “Oleksiy Popovych”.

The analysis of all the widely-known early editions of “The Commoners' Council” in contrast with the texts of 1857 testifies to the fact that the pivot point of its narration - constant movement of characters from one place to another - remained the same. Therefore, the images of the road and people who follow it on the way to their aim turn out to be identical in all versions of the novel. The main conceptual trend of the novel can be traced through the question of choice between patriotic, all-Ukrainian, and personal, family feelings. While early editions have a clear patriotic focus, the texts of 1857 are rather characterized by the accent on family, farmstead life. Thus, the revision of the text has become a process of turning a national-patriotic historical novel into a social-historical one without a vivid national-patriotic tendency.

The study of Kulish's folkloristic activity has been predominantly built on archive sources which has allowed the author to discover a number of very valuable folklore materials and analytical folkloristic studies of the young Kulish, the majority of which being not only unpublished but also unknown to scholars. Work with archive funds has shown how much one should do in order to give a thorough description of a mighty personality of P. Kulish - a collector, researcher and connoisseur of Ukrainian national treasure, i.e. folklore.

P. Kulish the folklorist and patriot is represented by his unfinished poem-epopee “Ukrayina. From the Beginning of Vkrayina till the Time of Father Khmel'nyts'kyy” and its analogue in prose “The Book on Life of the Ukrainian People and the Glorious Cossack Zaporizzhya Army”. The epopee “Ukrayina” has been analyzed in the context of writer's desire to compose a folk-poetic history of Ukraine, the conception of which is accentuated by the preface to “The Book on Life”, chief ideological postulates of the latter having become the basis of “The Books of Being of the Ukrainian People” - a manifesto of Kyrylo and Methodius Brotherhood.

For the first time in modern science the thesis provides a thorough analysis of “A Narrative about the Ukrainian people” which to a certain degree sums up Kulish's search for his own historical conception of Ukraine. Not only did P. Kulish outline historical events but he also reflected upon their significance, constantly evaluated them from the standpoint of his time, and tried to find reasons for Ukraine's current dependency in the historical past. The work is characterized by its clearly pro-Ukrainian orientation. It has been stressed that thanks to its inner polemicity, obvious national-patriotic bias, talent and consistent position of the author Kulish's work has to some extent become a culmination of Ukrainian radical or political romanticism which in fact stopped as a result of reprisals of the Tsar government over the mid 19^th century leading Ukrainian intellectuals.

Moreover, the given thesis provides a detailed analysis of the writer's early social and political essays, literary criticism and memoirs, namely “Reply to M[ister] Senkovskyy to his review of “History of Malorossiya” by Markevych”, “A Pocket Book for Landowners, or The Best Way Taken from Experience to Run an Estate”, “A Letter Found on the Road” and other works. Close examination of these literary-critical and publicistic declarations of the young Kulish testifies to the fact that Ukrainian literature has obtained an extremely profound and talented critic who at the very beginning of his activity realized the fundamental importance and necessity of this criticism, and later (at the beginning of the 1860-ies) became the first Ukrainian “literary critic in the proper meaning of this word” as well as a publisher and a skilful organizer of the historical-literary process. In his activity P. Kulish the critic has always remained nationally-oriented and unshakeable in his belief in revival of the Ukrainian word and Ukraine on the whole.

The thesis summarizes that a versatile research into the early works by P. Kulish as a writer, literary critic, folklorist, historian and philosopher constitute a necessary basis for understanding his works of the middle 1850-ies - early 1860-ies which could be regarded as a brilliant culmination of the first part of author's titanic activity during almost sixty years.

Key words: paradigm, romanticism, folklorism, historiosophy, idyll, romantic short story, Ukrainian historical novel, poem-epopee, folklore-literary mystifications.

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