Patterns of interaction between NGOs working with disabled people and state authorities in the context of austerity policy: case study of Russia and Finland

It was useful to identify and analyze the official rules for establishing and regulating the non-governmental organizations in Finland and Russia, because the usage of legislation refers to the real practices of the state and non-governmental actors' work. Due to the analysis of the national contexts of the spheres of relations between NGOs and the state in Russia and Finland a range of formal rules regulating the emergence and functioning such actors have been investigated. There is no specific legislation, explaining the interaction between the state and NGOs, but there were analyzed formal requirements of possibilities and opportunities of NGOs behind the state and then compared with the grounded data of my field-work. The Finnish state and NGOs' relations continue to follow the welfare state logic despite the tendencies of the marketization that can be traced through the market competition in the goods, competition in the tendering process and informal competition in ideas and thoughts between different non-governmental associations and organizations. The non-governmental organizations try to gain profit, establishing the good quality conditions for own workers and members of public groups, especially for vulnerable groups of society. The Finnish society is stable: according to my interviewees, the conditions of life people with disability are established as basics and cannot be changed and decreased. However, there are concerns about the immediate future and the changes in the financial allocation of funds.The Russian state and NGOs' relations more associated with governmental corporatism logic. The dominance and control of this funding still belong to the state authorities. The previously existed form of funding through the state patronage has stopped for NGOs and does not exist. Nowadays the state is aimed to economy own sources, providing money for short-term activities, spreading sources efficiently and orienting them on the financial stability of the region or city. It forces to use the different sources from the business and public institutes. The increase of the state project-funding possibilities and emergence of new ideas of redistribution through the public tendering process have impacted on the grow of NGO's dependence and orientation to the state institutions and establishing qualified and competitive, project oriented and short-term social service required by the state.

The analysis of economic conditions of both cases gave me an evidence about the lack of austerity policy: the shortage of the Finnish state obligations and cutting social costs towards NGOs are more associated with redistribution of the state sources related to the neoliberalism features framed by the new public management policy. The phenomena of reduction and redistribution of the state financing in the Russian case establish alternative ways to provide the state services presented the existence new public management policy rather than austerity context into the relations between the state and non-governmental organizations working with the disabled people. The data analysis testified partial NGOs' adaptation to the new possibilities of the social service provision and getting support for it.

The new public management policy recognized through the several arguments, the first one is the reduction and redistribution of the state social costs. The second argument is the increase of shared responsibilities with the non-governmental organizations. The third argument emergence of alternative service delivery system. Such reformation impacts on the establishment market competition in the social service sphere. The NPM policy is based on neoliberal market tendencies and particular obligations of providing the state social responsibilities from service-providers to clients with disabilities. In overall, such kind of policy associated with the austerity measures force NGOs and the state authorities to react on them.

In the fourth chapter the analysis of the investigated patterns of interactions is done through the comparative analysis of the state-NGOs' interactions in Finland and Russia.

The considered modes of relations with the state and non-governmental actors represent examples of paternalistic and egalitarian patterns of interactions in working with the social problems based on the shared values and interest among the representatives of socially-vulnerable groups of the population - persons with disabilities.

The analysis confirms the dominance of paternalistic patterns of interaction in Russian case. Despite of the paternalistic dominance, I would mention the existence of mutual ways of interaction through the following form as the exchange of information and consultation support happened independently from the state and used by both investigated actors. Such practices of interaction present mutual relations with the state. Concluding about the relations in the Russian case, I would add that such process is more associated with the state desire of usage of socially-oriented non-profit organizations as instruments for provision social obligations. At the same time there is an imposing of market relations in the social sphere by the state's efforts.

Regarding the Finnish case there were investigated mutual ways of interaction with commercialization of social sphere, personalization of the clients' needs and capabilities, equalization of the state structures and non-profit sector and further competition based on market principles for the provision of certain kinds of social services. The public tendering regulations positively impact on the Finnish economy by saving the state funds, but at the same moment it leads to a possible decline in the quality of social services and decrease of the welfare commitments.

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