ó㳺í³÷íå îá´ðóíòóâàííÿ ñèñòåìè ìåäèêî-á³îëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâ’ÿ

Îá´ðóíòóâàííÿ ñèñòåìè ìåäèêî-á³îëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè ãèðëîâèõ çîí ìîðñüêîãî óçáåðåææÿ øëÿõîì ã³ã³ºí³÷íî¿ îö³íêè, ïðîãíîçóâàííÿ òà ïðîô³ëàêòèêè íåñïðèÿòëèâîãî âïëèâó ÷èííèê³â àíòðîïîãåííîãî çàáðóäíåííÿ ïîâåðõíåâèõ äæåðåë ãîñïîäàðñüêî-ïèòíîãî âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ.

Ðóáðèêà Ìåäèöèíà
Âèä äèññåðòàöèÿ
ßçûê óêðàèíñêèé
Äàòà äîáàâëåíèÿ 26.06.2018
Ðàçìåð ôàéëà 4,2 M

Îòïðàâèòü ñâîþ õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó â áàçó çíàíèé ïðîñòî. Èñïîëüçóéòå ôîðìó, ðàñïîëîæåííóþ íèæå

Ñòóäåíòû, àñïèðàíòû, ìîëîäûå ó÷åíûå, èñïîëüçóþùèå áàçó çíàíèé â ñâîåé ó÷åáå è ðàáîòå, áóäóò âàì î÷åíü áëàãîäàðíû.

4. Êîâàëü÷óê Ë.É. Âîäà ïîâåðõíåâèõ âîäîéì Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâüÿ ÿê ôàêòîð ðèçèêó äëÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ íàñåëåííÿ / Ë.É. Êîâàëü÷óê // Çá³ðêà ìàòåð³àë³â ̳æíàðîäíîãî êîíãðåñó «Ìåäèöèíà òðàíñïîðòó - 2015». - Îäåñà, 15 - 17 âåðåñíÿ 2015 ð. - Ñ. 110 - 111.

5. Êîâàëü÷óê Ë.É., Êîðîá÷àíñüêèé Â.Î. Ïñèõîåìîö³éíèé ñòàí îñ³á, ùî ïðîæèâàþòü ó ðåã³îí³ ç íèçüêèì ð³âíåì åêîëîãî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè // ³ñíèê ïñèõ³àò𳿠òà ïñèõîôàðìàêîòåðàﳿ. - 2015. - ¹1(27). - Ñ. 59 - 61.

Âèñíîâêè

Êîìïëåêñíèì ã³ã³ºí³÷íèì òà ìåäèêî-á³îëîã³÷íèì äîñë³äæåííÿì âèð³øåíî àêòóàëüíó íàóêîâó ïðîáëåìó - îá´ðóíòîâàíî ñèñòåìó ìåäèêî-á³îëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè äëÿ ãèðëîâèõ çîí óêðà¿íñüêîãî ìîðñüêîãî óçáåðåææÿ íà ïðèêëàä³ ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâ'ÿ, â ÿê³é òåîðåòè÷íî âèçíà÷åíî òà åêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî ï³äòâåðäæåíî êðèòå𳿠îö³íêè òà ïðîãíîçóâàííÿ ìåäèêî-á³îëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè ñïîæèâàííÿ âîäè äëÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ íàñåëåííÿ ðåã³îíó, äîö³ëüí³ñòü âèêîðèñòàííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíî¿ ñõåìè ïîêðàùåííÿ ÿêîñò³ âîäè, ñèñòåìó ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ çàõîä³â ç ïîïåðåäæåííÿ òà ì³í³ì³çàö³¿ ðèçèêó ðîçïîâñþäæåííÿ ³íôåêö³éíèõ òà íå³íôåêö³éíèõ õâîðîá ñåðåä íàñåëåííÿ ϳâäíÿ Óêðà¿íè òà àïðîáîâàíî òåñò-ñèñòåìó îö³íêè òîêñè÷íîñò³ òà ìóòàãåííî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ âîäè.

1. Óçàãàëüíåííÿ äàíèõ ë³òåðàòóðè òà ðåçóëüòàò³â ïîïåðåäí³õ äîñë³äæåíü ùîäî ñòàíó çàáðóäíåííÿ âîäè ïîâåðõíåâèõ âîäîéì çà ñàí³òàðíî-ì³êðîá³îëîã³÷íèìè, ô³çèêî-õ³ì³÷íèìè òà ñàí³òàðíî-õ³ì³÷íèìè ïîêàçíèêàìè çàñâ³ä÷èëî â³äñóòí³ñòü ïîãëèáëåíîãî âèâ÷åííÿ òà ñèñòåìíèõ åêîëîãî-ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü ïðè÷èííî-íàñë³äêîâèõ çâ'ÿçê³â ÿêîñò³ ïèòíî¿ âîäè òà çàõâîðþâàíîñò³ íàñåëåííÿ ó ãèðëîâî¿ çîí³ Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâ'ÿ.

2. Âèÿâëåíî, ùî âñ³ âîäí³ îá'ºêòè 1 òà 2 êàòåãîð³é ãèðëîâèõ çîí Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâ'ÿ ïîòåðïàþòü â³ä ìàñîâàíîãî òà òðèâàëîãî çàáðóäíåííÿ ïåðåâàæíî àíòðîïîãåííîãî õàðàêòåðó õ³ì³÷íîãî òà á³îëîã³÷íîãî ïîõîäæåííÿ (çà ðàíãîì çíà÷óùîñò³: ïàòîãåííà òà óìîâíî-ïàòîãåííà ì³êðîôëîðà, êèøêîâ³ â³ðóñè, ö³àíîáàêòåð³¿, öèñòè êèøêîâèõ íàéïðîñò³øèõ òà ÿéöÿ ãåëüì³íò³â, ñò³éê³ îðãàí³÷í³ çàáðóäíþâà÷³, ôåíîëè, ïåñòèöèäè, íàôòîïðîäóêòè). ²íòåãðàëüíèì ïîêàçíèêîì ñàí³òàðíî-åï³äåì³îëîã³÷íîãî áëàãîïîëó÷÷ÿ äàíîãî òèïó âîäîéì º íåîðãàí³÷íèé àçîò, ÿêèé ñïðèÿº åâòðîô³êàö³¿ âîäîéì ãèðëîâèõ çîí ³ äåãðàäàö³¿ ³ñíóþ÷èõ åêîñèñòåì, ùî, ÷åðåç ïîðóøåííÿ óìîâ ñàìîî÷èùåííÿ, ìîæíà ðîçãëÿäàòè ÿê ïåðñèñòåíö³þ çàãðîçè óñêëàäíåííÿ ñàí³òàðíî-åï³äåì³îëîã³÷íî¿ ñèòóàö³¿. Çàáðóäíåííÿ âîäíèõ îá'ºêò³â ãèðëîâèõ çîí ó ïîºäíàíí³ ç íååôåêòèâíîþ ñèñòåìîþ î÷èñòêè òà çíåçàðàæåííÿ ïèòíî¿ âîäè ³ç ñèñòåì öåíòðàë³çîâàíîãî òà äåöåíòðàë³çîâàíîãî âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ áåçïîñåðåäíüî â³äáèâàºòüñÿ íà íåçàäîâ³ëüí³é ¿¿ ÿêîñò³ çà ñàí³òàðíî-ì³êðîá³îëîã³÷íèìè (³íäåêñ ËÊÏ), ô³çèêî-õ³ì³÷íèìè (çàãàëüíà ì³íåðàë³çàö³ÿ) òà ñàí³òàðíî-õ³ì³÷íèìè (íåîðãàí³÷í³ ñïîëóêè àçîòó) ïîêàçíèêàìè.

3. Äîâåäåíî, ùî îñíîâíîþ çàêîíîì³ðí³ñòþ ôîðìóâàííÿ ìåäèêî-á³îëîã³÷íî¿ íåáåçïåêè âñ³õ äæåðåë âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ ãèðëîâèõ çîí Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâ'ÿ º éîãî àíòðîïîãåííèé õàðàêòåð, á³îëîã³÷íèé âïëèâ ÿêîãî îö³íþºòüñÿ çà íàñòóïíèìè ïîêàçíèêàìè: âì³ñò íåîðãàí³÷íèõ ñïîëóê àçîòó (â³ä 6,346 äî 15,011 ìã/äì3 ì. ²çìà¿ë, 4,14-11,747 ìã/äì3 ì. Ðåí³, 2,348-10,626 ìã/äì3 ì. ʳë³ÿ, 2,488-7,346 ìã/äì3 ì. Âèëêîâå); ð³âåíü çàáðóäíåííÿ âîäè ïîâåðõíåâèõ âîäîéì çàãàëüíèì îðãàí³÷íèì âóãëåöåì (â³ä 6,53 äî 47,01 ìã/äì3); íàÿâí³ñòü À òà ÐÂ, ÿê òèïîâèõ â³ðóñíèõ êîíòàì³íàíò³â âîäíèõ îá'ºêò³â; âèñîêà êîíòàì³íàö³ÿ âîäè (äî 60 % çðàçê³â) îîöèñòàìè Cryptosporidium spp. ÿê îçíàêà ïåðñèñòóâàëüíèõ äæåðåë çàáðóäíåííÿ íåî÷èùåíèìè ñò³÷íèìè âîäàìè; ìàñîâå ðîçìíîæåííÿ ö³àíîáàêòåð³é, çîêðåìà Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Synechocystis salina, Spirulina laxissima, Merismopedia minima, ÿê³ âèêëèêàþòü «öâ³ò³ííÿ» âîäè òà º ÷èííèêîì ðèçèêó âïëèâó ö³àíîòîêñèí³â íà çäîðîâ'ÿ íàñåëåííÿ; âèñîêèé ðèçèê ðîçìíîæåííÿ õîëåðíèõ â³áð³îí³â, ëåã³îíåë, çáóäíèê³â òóëÿðå쳿 òà ëåïòîñï³ðîçó.

4. Ç'ÿñîâàíî, ùî îñîáëèâîñò³ àíòðîïîãåííîãî çàáðóäíåííÿ ïåâíèõ îá'ºêò³â âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ ãèðëîâèõ çîí îáóìîâëåí³ ñïåöèô³êîþ ãîñïîäàðñüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ ó îêðåìèõ ì³ñöåâîñòÿõ: íàÿâí³ñòü ÄÄÒ ó ð. Äóíàé òà îç. ßëïóã â ðàéîí³ ïèòíèõ âîäîçàáîð³â; «ñâ³æå» çàáðóäíåííÿ ë³íäàíîì âîäè ïèòíèõ âîäîçàáîð³â ì. Âèëêîâîãî (ð. Äóíàé) òà ì. Áîëãðàäà (îç. ßëïóã); âèñîê³ ñóìàðí³ êîíöåíòðàö³¿ ÏÕÁ â ðàéîí³ ïèòíèõ âîäîçàáîð³â ì³ñò ²çìà¿ëà, ʳ볿, Âèëêîâîãî òà Áîëãðàäà. Îçåðà Êàòëàáóõ, Êèòàé, ð³÷êè ßëïóã, Êàðàñóëàê òà ªí³êà, ÿê³ â³äíîñÿòüñÿ äî äæåðåë âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ 3-4 êëàñó, çà ñâî¿ìè ô³çèêî-õ³ì³÷íèìè âëàñòèâîñòÿìè ïîâí³ñòþ íåïðèäàòí³ ÿê äæåðåëà öåíòðàë³çîâàíîãî ãîñïîäàðñüêî-ïèòíîãî âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ.

5. Âèçíà÷åíî áåçïîñåðåäí³é çâ'ÿçîê íèçüêî¿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ î÷èùåííÿ ³ çíåçàðàæåííÿ ïîâåðõíåâèõ òà ñò³÷íèõ âîä ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè ³ç ðîçïîâñþäæåííÿì ñåðåä íàñåëåííÿ Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâ'ÿ ó äîñë³äæóâàíèé ïåð³îä ÷àñó (ç 2004 äî 2013 ðð.) êîíãðåãàö³éíèõ êèøêîâèõ ³íôåêö³é çà âñ³ìà ãðóïàìè õâîðîá (çà âèíÿòêîì â³ðóñíîãî ãåïàòèòó À) (÷2>3,841), çà ïîêàçíèêàìè (ð<0,05-0,01). Ñòóï³íü ð³çíîìàí³òíîñò³ á³îöåíîçó â³ðóñ³â ó ïèòí³é âîä³ º îá'ºêòèâíîþ îçíàêîþ çàáðóäíåííÿ äæåðåë âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ ñò³÷íî-ôåêàëüíèìè âîäàìè òà íåäîñòàòíüîãî çíåçàðàæåííÿ. Ó âîäíèõ á³îöåíîçàõ ãèðëîâèõ çîí äîì³íàíòíîþ êîìïîíåíòîþ º àäåíîâ³ðóñè, ñóáäîì³íàíòíîþ - ðåîâ³ðóñè òà ðîòàâ³ðóñè, ì³íîðíîþ - â³ðóñ ãåïàòèòó À òà åíòåðîâ³ðóñè. Âîäíèé ÷èííèê íå º âèçíà÷àëüíèì äëÿ ðîçïîâñþäæåííÿ íå³íôåêö³éíî¿ çàõâîðþâàíîñò³ íàñåëåííÿ Ïðèäóíàâ'ÿ, ïðî ùî ñâ³ä÷èòü â³äñóòí³ñòü ïðè÷èííî-íàñë³äêîâîãî çâ'ÿçêó ç ïîêàçíèêàìè, çíà÷åííÿ ÿêèõ ïåðåâèùóþòü àíàëîã³÷í³ ïîêàçíèêè ó êîíòðîëüíîìó ðàéîí³ (÷2 = 3,841 p<0,05).

6. Âñòàíîâëåíî îäíîñïðÿìîâàíèé íåñïðèÿòëèâèé âïëèâ âîäè ð³çíèõ îá'ºêò³â âîäîêîðèñòóâàííÿ ñèñòåìè ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè íà ñòðóêòóðíó õàðàêòåðèñòèêó âíóòð³øí³õ îðãàí³â ï³ääîñë³äíèõ ùóð³â, à ñàìå: äèñòðîô³÷í³ çì³íè ïå÷³íêè, ð³çêå ïåðåâàíòàæåííÿ åï³òåë³þ çâèòèõ êàíàëüö³â íèðîê, îçíàêè äèñòðîô³¿ òà ãåìîë³çó ó ñåëåç³íö³, äèñòðîô³÷í³ çì³íè ã³ïîêñè÷íîãî õàðàêòåðó ó ãîëîâíîìó ìîçêó. Äàí³ ïàòîëîã³÷í³ åôåêòè º â³ðîã³äíèì íàñë³äêîì íåñïðèÿòëèâî¿ ä³¿ ö³àíîòîêñèí³â (ïðîäóêò³â æèòòºä³ÿëüíîñò³ ðîçïîâñþäæåíèõ ö³àíîáàêòåð³é) ó ñïîëó÷åíí³ ³ç òîêñè÷íèìè îðãàíî-ì³íåðàëüíèìè êîìïëåêñàìè (íàñë³äîê îðãàí³÷íîãî çàáðóäíåííÿ âîäîéì).

7. Ç'ÿñîâàíî, ùî îñîáëèâèé õàðàêòåð çàáðóäíåííÿ ð³çíèõ âîäíèõ îá' ºêò³â ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè ïîçíà÷àºòüñÿ íà ñïåöèô³ö³ ðåàêö³é îðãàí³çìó. Ñïîæèâàííÿ ï³ääîñë³äíèìè ùóðàìè âîäè ç îç. Êàãóë ïðèçâîäèëî äî çíèæåííÿ àêòèâíîñò³ ñèñòåìè àíòèîêñèäàíòíîãî çàõèñòó, ïðèãí³÷åííÿ á³ëîêñèíòåçóþ÷î¿ ôóíêö³¿ ïå÷³íêè òà ³íàêòèâàö³¿ ãóìîðàëüíî¿ ñêëàäîâî¿ ³ìóííî¿ â³äïîâ³ä³ (çíèæåííÿ àêòèâíîñò³ ñèñòåìè àíòèîêñèäàíòíîãî çàõèñòó - çìåíøåííÿ ïîêàçíèêà êàòàëàçè, ïðè ð<0,01 òà ï³äâèùåííÿ ïîêàçíèêà òèìîëîâî¿ ïðîáè, ïðè ð<0,05). Çàòðóºííÿ òâàðèí âîäîþ ç îçåð ßëïóã òà Êàòëàáóõ ïðèçâîäèëà äî òîòîæíîãî ïàòîëîã³÷íîãî åôåêòó: âèðàæåíî¿ ³íòîêñèêàö³¿ ðå÷îâèíàìè îðãàí³÷íî¿ ïðèðîäè, ñõèëüíîñò³ îðãàí³çìó äî çàïàëüíèõ ðåàêö³é òà ðîçâèòêó äèñòðîô³÷íèõ ïðîöåñ³â â îðãàíàõ òà òêàíèíàõ, à òàêîæ àóòî³ìóííèõ ðåàêö³é (çá³ëüøåííÿ ê³ëüêîñò³ ÃÀ, ïðè ð<0,001, òà Ö²Ê, ïðè ð<0,005; ïîÿâà àíòèò³ë äî ðå÷îâèíè ïå÷³íêè òà ãîëîâíîãî ìîçêó, ïðè ð<0,001; ð³çêå çíèæåííÿ àêòèâíîñò³ êàòàëàçè, ïðè ð<0,05, çà óìîâè çðîñòàííÿ âì³ñòó ÌÄÀ, ïðè ð<0,05).

8. Íà ïðèêëàä³ ïîâåðõíåâèõ âîäîéì Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâ'ÿ îá´ðóíòîâàíî âèêîðèñòàííÿ ì³êðîáíî¿ òåñò-ñèñòåìè Salmonella typhimurium ÒÀ 98 äëÿ îö³íêè òîêñè÷íîñò³ òà ìóòàãåííî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ âîäè. Äîâåäåíî ÿâèùå ìàñîâàíîãî òà ïîºäíàíîãî çàáðóäíåííÿ âîäè ãèðëîâèõ çîí, ùî â³äáèâàºòüñÿ ó ð³çíîìàí³òò³ á³îëîã³÷íèõ â³äãóê³â òåñò-ñèñòåìè. Ïîòóæíèé òîêñè÷íèé åôåêò íà ð³âí³ 90,0 % ñêëàâ 13,3 % â³ä çàãàëüíî¿ ê³ëüêîñò³ äîñë³äæóâàíèõ çðàçê³â, íà ð³âí³ 80,0 % - 13,3 %, íà ð³âí³ á³ëüøå 50,0 % - 53,0 %, íà ð³âí³ ìåíøå 20,0 % - 13,3 %. ³äñîòîê íåòîêñè÷íèõ çðàçê³â âîäè ç âîäîéì ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè ñêëàâ ëèøå 6,6%. Ïåðåâèùåííÿ ñïîíòàííîãî ð³âíÿ ìóòàãåíåçó á³ëüø í³æ ó 100 ðàç³â ñïîñòåð³ãàëîñÿ ïðè äîñë³äæåíí³ 26,6% çðàçê³â âîäè âîäîéì ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè, á³ëüø í³æ ó 50 ðàç³â - ó 13,3 %, á³ëüø í³æ ó 10 ðàç³â - ó 20,0 %, ìåíø í³æ ó 10 ðàç³â - ó 40,0 %. Ðîçá³æíîñò³ ó òîêñè÷íîñò³ òà ìóòàãåíí³é àêòèâíîñò³ çðàçê³â ç ð³çíèõ äîñë³äæóâàíèõ âîäîéì (îçåðà Êàãóë, ßëïóã, ð. Äóíàé òà ³í.) òà ïåðñèñòóâàëüíèé õàðàêòåð çàáðóäíåííÿ ïîòðåáóº ïîñò³éíîãî ìîí³òîðèíãó ÿêîñò³ âîäè äæåðåë âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì òåñò-ñèñòåìè Salmonella typhimurium ÒÀ 98.

9. Îá´ðóíòîâàíî ïð³îðèòåòí³ñòü ã³ã³ºí³÷íèõ êðèòåð³¿â øê³äëèâîñò³ ïðè íîðìóâàííÿ ÿêîñò³ âîäè ïîâåðõíåâèõ âîäîéì ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè. Îö³íêà ãîñòðî¿ òà õðîí³÷íî¿ òîêñè÷íîñò³ âîäè íà êîðîòêî-öèêë³÷íèõ ã³äðîá³îíòàõ Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacea, Anostraca) òà Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg (Cladocera, Crustacea) ïîêàçàëà «ïëÿìîâèé» õàðàêòåð çàáðóäíåííÿ âîäíèõ îá'ºêò³â ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè, ùî º òèïîâîþ îçíàêîþ ÷èñåëüíîñò³ ì³ñöü ñêèäàííÿ òà ð³çíîìàí³òòÿ ñêëàäó ñò³÷íèõ âîä çàáðóäíþþ÷èõ äæåðåë, à òàêîæ ñàí³òàðíî-òåõí³÷íèõ îñîáëèâîñòåé âîäîéì òà ì³ñöü âîäîçàáîðó (ð³÷îê Äóíàé, ßëïóã, Êàðàñóëàê, ªí³êà, îçåð Êàòëàáóõ, Êèòàé, Êàãóë, ßëïóã). ³äñóòí³ñòü, ñëàáêà òà ïîì³ðíà òîêñè÷í³ñòü âèÿâëåíà â 80 % â³ä³áðàíèõ çðàçê³â, ëåòàëüíà òà ãîñòðîëåòàëüíà òîêñè÷í³ñòü áóëà ïðèòàìàííà 20 % ïðîá. Õðîí³÷íó òîêñè÷í³ñòü âèÿâëåíî ó 42 % çðàçê³â, â³ä³áðàíèõ ç äæåðåë âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè, ùî ï³äòâåðäæóº òâåðäæåííÿ ïðî ïåðñèñòóâàëüíèé õàðàêòåð çàáðóäíåííÿ ïîâåðõíåâèõ âîäîéì Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâ'ÿ.

10. Äîâåäåíî áåçïå÷í³ñòü òà äîö³ëüí³ñòü âèêîðèñòàííÿ ä³îêñèäó õëîðó äëÿ ö³ëåé çíåçàðàæåííÿ âîäè ç äæåðåë ãîñïîäàðñüêî-ïèòíîãî âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ ãèðëîâèõ çîí ìîðñüêîãî óçáåðåææÿ, îïòèì³çàö³¿ óìîâ òðàíñïîðòóâàííÿ òà çáåð³ãàííÿ âîäè. Âñòàíîâëåíî ðîëü õëîðîôîðìó ïðè òðàäèö³éíîìó õëîðóâàíí³ âîäè ïîâåðõíåâèõ âîäîéì, çàáðóäíåíèõ êîìïëåêñàìè îðãàí³÷íèõ òà íåîðãàí³÷íèõ êñåíîá³îòèê³â ÿê ÷èííèêà ðèçèêó âèíèêíåííÿ â³ääàëåíèõ íàñë³äê³â (êàíöåðîãåííèõ, ìóòàãåííèõ, òåðàòîãåííèõ òà ãåíîòîêñè÷íèõ óðàæåíü). Çàïðîïîíîâàíî âèêîðèñòàííÿ äëÿ çíåçàðàæåííÿ ïèòíî¿ âîäè ç ïîâåðõíåâèõ äæåðåë âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâ'ÿ àïðîáîâàíó ðàí³øå íàéá³ëüø îïòèìàëüíó òåõíîëîã³÷íó ñõåìó, ÿêà ïîñë³äîâíî ïåðåäáà÷ຠïåðåäîêèñëåííÿ âîäè ä³îêñèäîì õëîðó (ó òîìó ÷èñë³ ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì éîãî ïîðîøêîâèõ ïðåïàðàò³â), êîàãóëÿö³þ, ô³ëüòðóâàííÿ òà ïîñòçíåçàðàæóâàíííÿ âîäè õëîðîì.

11. Îá´ðóíòîâàíî ñèñòåìó ìåäèêî-á³îëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè ãèðëîâî¿ çîíè Óêðà¿íñüêîãî Ïðèäóíàâ'ÿ, ðîçðîáëåíî àëãîðèòì òà íà éîãî îñíîâ³ ñòâîðåíî êîíöåïòóàëüíó òà äâîõâåêòîðíó ìàòåìàòè÷íó (á³îëîã³÷íîãî, õ³ì³÷íîãî ôàêòîð³â òà ïîºäíàíîãî âïëèâó) ìîäåëü ìåäèêî-á³îëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè îá'ºêò³â ãîñïîäàðñüêî-ïèòíîãî âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ ãèðëîâèõ çîí ìîðñüêîãî óçáåðåææÿ Óêðà¿íè, ñïðÿìîâàíó íà îá'ºêòèâ³çàö³þ îö³íêè, ïðîãíîçóâàííÿ òà ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ ïðîô³ëàêòè÷íèõ çàõîä³â ç ì³í³ì³çàö³¿ ïàòîëîã³÷íèõ (³íôåêö³éíîãî, ãåëüì³íòîëîã³÷íîãî, òîêñè÷íîãî, ìóòàãåííîãî, òåðàòîãåííîãî òà ãåíåòè÷íîãî) åôåêò³â â³ä 䳿 ÷èííèê³â ðèçèêó, ïîâ'ÿçàíèõ ³ç àíòðîïîãåííèì çàáðóäíåííÿì äæåðåë öåíòðàë³çîâàíîãî òà äåöåíòðàë³çîâàíîãî âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ íàñåëåííÿ.

Ïðàêòè÷í³ ðåêîìåíäàö³¿

Îòðèìàí³ ðåçóëüòàòè íàóêîâîãî äîñë³äæåííÿ äîçâîëÿþòü ðåêîìåíäóâàòè íàñòóïí³ çàõîäè:

1. Îðãàí³çàö³éíî-ïðàâîâ³:

- ñòâîðåííÿ çîí ñóâîðîãî ðåæèìó äëÿ âñ³õ ïîâåðõíåâèõ âîäîéì;

- ïàñïîðòèçàö³ÿ äæåðåë çàáðóäíåííÿ (ñòèõ³éíèõ çâàëèù, ñì³òíèê³â, ñêëàä³â îòðóòîõ³ì³êàò³â, ñêîòîìîãèëüíèê³â òîùî) òà âæèòòÿ çàõîä³â ùîäî ¿õ óñóíåííÿ;

- çàïðîâàäæåííÿ ìîðàòîð³þ íà ñêèäàííÿ ãîñïîäàðñüêî-ôåêàëüíèõ òà ïðîìèñëîâèõ ñò³÷íèõ âîä;

- âïðîâàäæåííÿ ëîêàëüíèõ ñèñòåì î÷èñòêè ñò³÷íèõ âîä;

- ðåôîðìóâàííÿ ³ñíóþ÷èõ òà áóä³âíèöòâî íîâèõ ëîêàëüíèõ ñèñòåì äîî÷èñòêè âîäè äëÿ ïèòíèõ ïîòðåá;

- âïðîâàäæåííÿ ³íäèâ³äóàëüíèõ (ãðóïîâèõ) ñèñòåì äîî÷èñòêè âîäè;

- âïðîâàäæåííÿ åôåêòèâíèõ òåõíîëîã³é çíåçàðàæåííÿ ïèòíî¿ âîäè, äëÿ ÷îãî ïåðåäáà÷èòè ñòâîðåííÿ íåîáõ³äíèõ çàïàñ³â òâåðäèõ (ïîðîøêîâèõ) äåçèíôåêòàíò³â, çîêðåìà ä³îêñèäó õëîðó, äëÿ çàñòîñóâàííÿ â çàëåæíîñò³ â³ä åï³äåì³îëîã³÷íî¿ ñèòóàö³¿ ³ç ÿê³ñòþ ïèòíî¿ âîäè;

- â³äòâîðåííÿ ñòîêó ð. Äóíàé ó ʳë³éñüêîìó ãèðë³, ùî çàáåçïå÷èòü ï³äâèùåííÿ ð³âíÿ âîäè òà çíèæåííÿ çàãàëüíî¿ ì³íåðàë³çàö³¿ âîäè Ïðèäóíàéñüêèõ îçåð.

2. Íàóêîâî-ìåòîäè÷í³:

- ïðîâåäåííÿ êîìïëåêñíîãî ïîñåçîííîãî ìîí³òîðèíãó ñòàíó ïîâåðõíåâèõ âîäîéì, ïèòíî¿ âîäè ³ç ñèñòåì öåíòðàë³çîâàíîãî òà äåöåíòðàë³çîâàíîãî âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ ³ç âèçíà÷åííÿì ïð³îðèòåòíèõ á³îëîã³÷íèõ òà õ³ì³÷íèõ êîíòàì³íàíò³â;

- îö³íêà ñòàíó åâòðîô³êàö³¿ âîäîéì ç âèçíà÷åííÿì ö³àíîáàêòåð³é âïðîäîâæ «öâ³ò³ííÿ»;

- âïðîâàäæåííÿ ìåòîäèê âèçíà÷åííÿ ó âîä³ ö³àíîòîêñèí³â òà âèçíà÷åííÿ ¿õ ð³âí³â ó âîä³ âîäîéì;

- çàáåçïå÷åííÿ àêðåäèòîâàíèõ ëàáîðàòîð³é ñó÷àñíèìè ìåòîäàìè âèçíà÷åííÿ á³îëîã³÷íèõ òà õ³ì³÷íèõ êîíòàì³íàíò³â ç ðåãóëÿðíèì ïîñòà÷àííÿì òåñò-ñèñòåì, ä³àãíîñòèêóì³â, ðîçõ³äíèõ ìàòåð³àë³â;

- ïðîâåäåííÿ ìîëåêóëÿðíî-åï³äåì³îëîã³÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü âçàºìîçâ'ÿçêó ÿêîñò³ âîäè ³ç çàõâîðþâàí³ñòþ íàñåëåííÿ êèøêîâèìè ³íôåêö³ÿìè;

- äîñë³äæåííÿ òàëàñîãåí³é òà âèçíà÷åííÿ ¿õ êâîòè ó âîäíî-îáóìîâëåí³é çàõâîðþâàíîñò³;

- âèâ÷åííÿ âïëèâó ì³íåðàëüíîãî ñêëàäó âîäè íà ïîøèðåí³ñòü íå³íôåêö³éíèõ çàõâîðþâàíü.

Ñïèñîê âèêîðèñòàíèõ äæåðåë

1. Ïðî ïèòíó âîäó òà ïèòíå âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ: Çàêîí Óêðà¿íè ¹ 2918-III â³ä 10.01.2002 // Îô³ö³éíèé â³ñíèê Óêðà¿íè. - 2002. - ¹ 6. - Ñò. 223. - Ñ. 1.

2. Ïðî Çàãàëüíîäåðæàâíó ïðîãðàìó «Ïèòíà âîäà Óêðà¿íè» íà 2006-2020 ðîêè: Çàêîí Óêðà¿íè ¹ 2455-IV â³ä 03.03.2005 // Óðÿäîâèé êóð'ºð. - 13.04.2005. - ¹ 68.

3. Äîñòóïíîñòü è êà÷åñòâî ïèòüåâîé âîäû â Óêðàèíå è ìèðå / Â. Ã. Áàðäîâ, Ñ. Ò. Îìåëü÷óê, Å. Â. Ãðóçåâà // Èòîãè è ïåðñïåêòèâû íàó÷íûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî ïðîáëåìå ýêîëîãèè ÷åëîâåêà è ãèãèåíû îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû; ïîä ðåä. àêàäåìèêà ÐÀÌÍ Þ. À. Ðàõìàíèíà. - Ì., 2006. - Ñ. 215-220

4. ²âàõíî Î.Ï. ó㳺í³÷í³ ïðîáëåìè çáåðåæåííÿ çäîðîâ'ÿ ä³òåé äîøê³ëüíîãî â³êó â óìîâàõ õðîí³÷íî¿ ä³¿ øê³äëèâèõ ÷èííèê³â ìàëî¿ ³íòåíñèâíîñò³ / Î.Ï. ²âàõíî // ó㳺íà íàñåëåíèõ ì³ñöü: çá. íàóê ïðàöü. - Ê., 2003. - Âèï. 42. - Ñ. 367-372.

5. Ùåðáàíü Í.Ã. è äð. Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ìåòîäîëîãèè îöåíêè ðèñêà çäîðîâüþ íàñåëåíèÿ ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè ôàêòîðîâ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû â Óêðàèíå è Ðîññèè //Âåñòíèê Õàðüêîâñêîãî íàöèîíàëüíîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà èìåíè ÂÍ Êàðàçèíà. Ñåðèÿ «Ìåäèöèíà». - 2010. - ¹. 19 (898).

6. Ãðåáíÿê Í.Ï. è äð. Çäîðîâüå íàñåëåíèÿ Óêðàèíû â ãëîáàëüíîì èçìåðåíèè //Ìåäè÷í³ ïåðñïåêòèâè. - 2012. - Ò. 17. - ¹. 1.

7. Ñåðäþê À.Ì., Á³ëåöüêà Å.Ì., Ñòóñü Â.Ï., Îíóë Í.Ì. Ðåïðîäóêòèâíå çäîðîâ'ÿ ÷îëîâ³ê³â ïðîìèñëîâèõ òåðèòîð³é: ôàêòîðè ðèçèêó, äîíîçîëîã³÷íà ä³àãíîñòèêà, ïðîô³ëàêòèêà // Ìåäè÷í³ ïåðñïåêòèâè. 2016. ¹1

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