Английский язык для юристов

Вы сегодня в плохом настроении и отрицательно реагируете на все, что преподаватель говорит вам. Не забудьте употреблять Present Perfect и наречия already, yet, just, never.

Mode: Т. You must do this exercise now.

S. I've done it already.

1. You were in St.-Petersburg last year, weren't you? (never).

2. Why didn't you write the letter to your parents? (already).

3. I think you have asked all the questions (yet).

4. I saw you at the theatre yesterday (yet).

5. You say you haven't seen Bob for a long time (just).

6. I know your parents are away (already).

Автор спутал все случаи употребления Present Perfect и Simple Past в этом упражнении. Помогите найти ошибки и объясните их.

1. She has read a lot of books last year. 2. We didn't go to the theatre this month. 3. Did you have holiday this year?-- Not yet. 4. What are your plans for summer? -- I didn't think about it yet. 5. We've discussed some of these problems last time. 6. When have you bought this car? -- Two years ago.

Скажите по-английски:

1. Он уже принял наше приглашение. 2. Мы с ним никогда не встречались. 3. Они обсудили все дела вчера. 4. Король только что подписал этот документ. 5. Представитель кабинета отказался дать какую-либо информацию о ядерных испытаниях. 6. Вы когда-нибудь слышали о палате общин как центре реальной политической власти? 7. Кого вы привели с собой?

Ваш друг говорит, что он может (должен) сделать что-либо, но вы знаете, что он мог (должен был) сделать это ранее. Скажите ему об этом.

1. I can play piano well. 2.I can't speak English at all. 3. I must buy tickets for you and me. 4. I must give up smoking. 5.I can go shopping to-day. 6. I mustn't say such things now.

Скажите вашему другу, какие 3 действия он должен был (не должен был) сделать и какие 3 действия ему положено было сделать ранее:

Model: 1. You didn't have to bring this text book.

2. You were to come to this meeting.

Скажите по-английски:

1. Мы обязательно должны были сделать все упражнения? -- Нет, вы могли сделать первые три. 2. Моя дочь могла читать по-английски, когда ей было только шесть лет. 3. Я не мог пойти вчера в театр. 4. Они говорили со мной по-английски, и я сумел понять их! 5. У нас было мало времени, и мы должны были взять такси. 6. Я забыл сказать им о собрании, и мне пришлось им позвонить. 7. Я не смог перевести текст, потому что в нем было очень много новых слов.

Внимание! Проводим соревнование на звание лучшего переводчика! Первый этап соревнования -- устно перевести следующие предложения (1 мин), затем закрыть книги и перевести эти предложения на английский язык.

1. The approval of the House of Commons isn't very important for the Government.

2. The representatives of both parties took part in the meeting.

3. The leaders of the party discussed their policy for the elections.

4. The supporters of the President are very powerful.

5. The main force of the Government is the Cabinet.

6. The House of Lords has no influence on the decisions of the Cabinet.

Следующий этап соревнования -- вставить в предложения недостающие слова, используя следующий список:

1. ...of the state discussed important questions.

2. The Cabinet has the ... influence in the country.

3. Yesterday the discussion of ... questions of foreign policy took place.

4. Your ... of our decision isn't necessary.

5. This powerful group ... the policy of the state.

6. The king refused ... the delegation.

(to support, powerful, approval, representatives, to accept, fundamental).

Используя 6 слов (из списка в п. 6.3.19), составьте ваши собственные предложения или рассказ. Вы можете получить 1 очко за каждое правильное предложение + 2 очка, если они составят рассказ.

Давайте посмотрим, насколько хорошо вы помните текст. Сможете ли вы ответить на следующие вопросы, не глядя в текст?

1. What do the changes of the Parliament reflect?

2. What does the tradition of holding the Parliament in Palace of Westminster date back to?

3. What was the history of accepting the Magna Carta?

4. Why did the division between «Lords» and «Commons» take place?

5. What was the House of Commons in the middle of the last century?

6. What has brought about the fundamental change?

7. What is the House of Commons now?

Предположим, что вам надо написать сочинение об истории парламента (как Джону). Прежде всего вы должны составить план. Попробуйте сделать это сейчас.

Вы уже написали свое сочинение, а ваш друг -- нет, и он просит вас помочь ему. Расскажите ему в нескольких предложениях содержание вашей работы.

6.4 Practice in communication

(Agreement or Disagreement)

Read and try to remember:

Agreement

1. All right

2. OK -- Хорошо, ладно

3. Very well

4. I agree (with you) -- Согласен

5. Willingly -- Охотно

6. With pleasure -- С удовольствием

7. Of course

8. Sure -- Конечно

9. By all means

10. Agreed! -- Решено! По рукам

11. It's a go! -- Идет!

12. Quite so -- Совершенно верно

Disagreement

1. I'm of a different opinion

-- Я другого мнения.

2. This is out of the question

-- Об этом не может быть и речи.

3. I object (to it) - Я возражаю

4. No go! -- Ничего не выйдет

5. Nothing doing!

-- Этот номер не пройдет!

6. Not for the world! -- Ни за что на свете!

7. Nothing of the sort -- Ничего подобного

8. Why on earth! -- С какой стати!

9. I doubt in -- Сомневаюсь

Tell someone in the group that you think:

1. English food is excellent;

2. blondes are prettier than brunettes;

3. winter is nicer than summer;

4. fish is better than meat;

5. hard work is very pleasant.

Your partner will agree or disagree with you.

Look, listen and then dramatize:

1. Nell and Pete have just seen a film. He liked it. She didn't. They're close friends so they talk to each other casually.

P. Now, that really was a great film.

N. Nothing of the sort!

P. The best we've seen this year, surely.

N. I'm of a different opinion.

2. Jane and a friend of hers have also seen a film. They both liked it. They aren't close friends so they don't talk to each other very casually. Jane: I thought that quite a good film, didn't you?

Friend: Yes, I did. Quite so.

Jane: It's one of the best that have come out this year, I think.

Friend: I quite agree with you.

Make any statement you like. Your partner will either agree or disagree with you.

Model: A. You'll be on duty to-day.

B. Why on earth!

6.5 General understanding

Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 6)

1. «You know your clothes are in a terrible state», the old lady said after the meal. «My husband was just about your size. A little heavier perhaps. All his clothes are upstairs. They are no good to him. He died two years ago». She pointed up to the above them. «Why don't you see if any of his clothes fit you. You can bring them back tomorrow».

«Nobody can be this lucky!» Coke thought to himself. He went upstairs and turned the light on He found a heavy jacket, a woolen shirt and some trousers hanging in the room.

2. «What do you know about Coke?» Baxter asked Halls. They are in the car now. «Very little, I'm afraid. In fact, I don't think, I know anything about him at all. Wasn't he the fellow who was in that spy case about 4 years ago?»

«Yes, that's right. Coke always said it wasn't him... that it was someone else».

«That's what they all say. But what's so special about him?» «Coke was in Army Intelligence. He knew important secrets. We could never understand why he sold them. There wasn't a real motive. Some said he did it for money. We couldn't prove it, but if he was a spy, he still knows too much. We could never find out who he sold secrets to. That's why we have to catch him before he makes contact with any of his old friends!»

3. Coke put the clothes on as quickly as he could. They were old, but they were warm. When he came downstairs, the old lady was still in front of the fire. She smiled when she looked at him. «You know, you look just like my husband in those clothes... when he was much younger, of course». Coke tried to be polite. He wanted to leave quickly.

«I can't thank you enough. It's very kind of you to do all this for me». The old lady did not seem to hear him. «Just like my husband», she said again. Just then, there was a knock on the door.

Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text.

1. Old woman's husband was...

a) a little lighter;

b) a little heavier;

c) of the same size.

2. The police wanted to catch Coke as soon as possible because...

a) he was in Army Intelligence;

b) he was a spy;

c) he could make contact with any of his old friends.

3. There was a knock at the door when...

a) Coke was upstairs;

b) Coke was talking with the old woman;

c) Coke was putting on the clothes.

Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.)

1. What did the old woman offer to Coke?

2. What kind of clothes did Coke find?

3. What was Coke?

4. What couldn't the police prove?

5. Why do they want to catch him as soon as possible?

6. What did the woman say when she looked at Coke?

Express the main idea of this episode in 2-3 sentences.

6.6 Scanning practice

Read the questions. Be sure you've got them well in mind.

1. Who was murdered once?

2. Who guarded the body?

3. What did the king order to do with the body and the dog?

4. What did the dog do when he saw the murderers?

Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time.

Crime Will Be Out Sooner of Later

Once during the civil wars of Rome a slave was murdered in one of the city squares, and nobody knew who committed the crime. The murdered slave's dog guarded the body and didn't allow anybody to touch it. The king, travelling that way, saw the animal watching the body. When he learnt that the dog had been there for three days without food or drink he ordered to bury the body and bring the dog to him.

After some time the review of the king's troops took place, and every soldier had to march past the king. All this time the dog lay quietly by the king's side, but on seeing the murderers of his late master, he flew at them with extraordinary fury barking and tearing their clothes. The king took notice of it. He ordered to make an inquest and the criminals confessed the crime. Later they were tried and sentenced to death.

(160 words)

Answer the questions in 6.6.1. (Books closed.)

6.7 Listening practice

Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after listening to the text.

1. What famous people are there (their professions)?

2. What is the first question of the professor?

3. Has he got any special diplomas?

4. What is he?

Listen to the dialogue.

Answer the questions in 6.7.1.

Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the text. give a big hand -- поаплодировать

Listen to the story. Be ready to give the contents of it in Russian.

Tell the contents of the story in Russian as close to the text as possible.

6.8 Time for fun

Read and then tell it in Russian.

Believe it or not, but...

...The Port Fairy jail (Australia) was built by a Yorkshireman named Broadbent who celebrated its completion so gaily that he became its first prisoner (1857).

...According to the laws adopted in several states (USA) women can easily divorce their husbands if they prove the men snore too loud at night.

Fill in the six missing words.

UNIT 7. Фонетика: sounds [ou], []

Словообразование: суффиксы прилагательных -ary/-ory; -ous

Грамматика: время Present Perfect Continuous, степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий

Текст: «Steve's story»

7.1 Sound right

Listen, look, say:

bow bone boat roll window

doe dome dote poll follow

so soul soak old yellow

toe toad toast told cargo

roe road roast cold tomato

low load loaf stroll photo

hoe hoed host shoulder momento

Listen, look, say:

1. Go slow.

2. Follow your nose.

3. Nobody home.

4. Don't grow cold.

5. No bones broken.

6. It's a cold coal to blow at.

7. I vote we go home.

8. Oh, no, don't go home alone.

9. I don't suppose you know Rose.

10. I won't crow over a foe.

Listen and look. Pay attention to the difference in pronunciation of the sounds [ou] -- [] -- [].

I

1. I'm going to the grocer's.

2. Call at the post-office, will you?

1. It closes at four. The shop closes at four too. Can't you go to the post-office? I want a lot of groceries.

2. Oh, all right. I'll go.

1. Get me some stamps, will you?

II

1. I've got to go.

2. Oh, don't go.

1. I've got to.

2. No, you don't have to go.

1. I want to go home.

2. What do you want to go home for?

1. Open the door.

2. It's not locked. Off you go!

1. I'm sorry.

2. Go home if you want to. Go on.

1. I'm sorry.

2. It's all right. I don't mind.

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

Listen, look, say:

sir serve surf reserve world

fir firm first early girl

her heard hurt certain curl

burr bird burst birthday pearl

blur term learn thirteen hurl

Listen, look, say:

1. Certainly, sir.

2. I've overheard the word.

3. I'll turn in early.

4. A worm will turn.

5. What a hurly-burly girl Urse is!

6. I'll see her further first!

7. The work will serve no purpose.

8. My girl has her bursts of work.

9. Why do Gert's dirty work for her?

10. Erna is a proverb and a byword.

Listen and look. Pay attention to the sound [].

I

1. What does Evan do?

2. I'm not certain. But he earns a lot. He has money to burn.

1. And Bernard?

2. Oh, I prefer Bernard, of course, but...

1. What a superb furcoat, by the way.

2. As I say, I prefer Bernard, but...

1. And what beautiful pearls!

II

1. S-s-s. There's a burglar behind the curtain.

2. Are you certain. Bertha?

1. Don't disturb him. He might hurt us or worse he might even murder us.

2. But are you perfectly certain it is burglar?

1. Perfectly. Only a burglar would hide behind a curtain in that way.

2. Oh, Bertha, do you remember Percy Turner?

1. Sh-sh-sh. Gertrude! We're not the girls we were 30 years ago you know.

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

Listen and look. Pay attention to the difference between [] and [].

I

1. Something is burning.

2. Oh, my buns!

1. I love burnt buns.

2. Curse this oven. Curse it!

1. But I prefer burnt buns.

2. It's the worst oven in the world.

1. Wonderful! A perfect bun, perfect!

2. Well, there are thirty of them. Have another.

1. U-m-m. Lovely!

II

1. I work for your brother's company.

2. Come and work for my company. How much money do you earn?

1. Five hundred a month.

2. You're worth another thirty.

1. I worth another hundred. But I mustn't leave your brother.

2. We'll discuss it on Thursday.

1. We have discussed it.

2. Six hundred?

1. Six hundred and thirty.

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

Try to read the tongue-twister as fast as you can.

Robert Rowley rolled

a round roll round.

A round roll Robert

Rowley rolled round.

Where is the round roll

Robert Rowley rolled round?

roll (v.; n.) - катить: ролик

7.2 Word-building: -ary, -ory, -ous

Give Russian equivalents to the following adjectives and word combinations:

military, disciplinary, elementary, evolutionary, reactionary, legendary, traditionary, reformatory;

parliamentary democracy; secondary school, primary school, monetary unit, satisfactory progress.

Give Russian equivalents to the following adjectives:

analogous, religious, famous, barbarous, dangerous, numerous, humorous, scandalous, victorious.

Explain the meaning of the following word combinations in English.

a mountainous country; a courageous boy; continuous rain; murderous blow; delicious cake; an anonymous gift.

7.3 Full understanding

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:

procedure [pr'sd], session, throne, sovereign ['svrn], debates, Speaker, Prime Minister, Leader of the Opposition, parliamentary.

Look, listen, say, remember:

New words:

rule (n.) -- правило, норма

occasion ['ke()n] -- случай

right (n.) -- право

Queen -- королева

to arrive -- прибывать

independence -- независимость

honour ['n] -- честь

duty -- обязанность

dangerous ['dendrs] -- опасный

to preside [pr'zad] -- председательствовать

to decide -- решать

vote (n. v.) -- голос, голосовать

full -- полный

particular -- (зд.) специальный

School vocabulary:

already, beginning, set (n.), to send, to follow, speech, chair, equal, to believe.

Прочитайте и переведите.

Steve's story

Steve has been telling his story for half an hour already. Would you like to listen to him? That's what he is saying:

«Many forms and rules of parliamentary procedure date back to the beginning of the sixteenth century.

People outside Great Britain believe that if they elect the man to sit in the Parliament he has a seat there. But the House of Commons has seats for only about two thirds of its members. Thus on great occasions when the House is full, members have to sit in the gangways. Only four members of the House of Commons have reserved seats: the Speaker, the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition and the member who is in the Parliament for the longest unbroken period. Ministers sit on the front bench, but have no right to any particular seat there.

The Queen usually opens the new session of Parliament. When she takes her seat on the throne she sends the official of the House of Lords, called Black Rod,1 to call the Commons. When he arrives at the door of the House of Commons they bang it in his face to show their independence. After this they follow Black Rod into the chamber of the House of Lords, where they stand while the Queen reads her speech. During the election of the Speaker, when he is going to his great chair at one end of the House, he struggles and pretends that he doesn't wish to accept the honour. This comes from the days when men were afraid to become the Speaker. It was because the sovereign and the House of Commons often quarrelled and the Speaker's duty of acting as go-between was both difficult and dangerous.

Nowadays the Speaker no longer takes part in debates as other members do. He presides over the debates and decides which member is to speak at any particular moment. Often several wish to speak and they stand up and try «to catch the Speaker's eye», as they call it. The Speaker doesn't take part in the debates, and he doesn't vote at the end of them. But if the Government and the Opposition gain an equal number of votes, then the Speaker has the casting vote.

1. Black Rod -- «Черный жезл», герольдмейстер (постоянное должностное лицо в Палате лордов, во время церемоний несет черный жезл, титул существует с 1350 г.)

Можете ли вы догадаться, в каких ситуациях были сказаны следующие фразы? И кто их сказал?

1. I've been waiting for you for two hours already!

2. He's been walking near my house since morning.

3. I'm afraid of this man. He's been watching me for half an hour.

4. I've been looking for him everywhere but still can't find.

5. It's the limit! You've been talking over the phone for 40 minutes!

6. I've been working here for 30 years and I know who's who.

Найдите в следующих диалогах Present Perfect Continuous. Почему автор воспользовался этим временем? Передайте эти шутки вашим друзьям по-русски.

1. -- Look here, waiter, I've just found a button in my soup.

-- Oh, thank you, sir. I've been looking all over for it.

2. Father: My dear, if you want a good husband, marry Mr Goodheart. He really loves you.

Daughter: How do you know that, Dad?

Father: Because I've been borrowing money of him for six months, and still he keeps coming.

Автор сделал несколько ошибок, используя Present Times. Помогите ему обнаружить их.

1. -- Oh, here you are, at last! I wait for you for half an hour. What are you doing?

-- I've been shopping. I've bought a new hat. Do you like it? I'm tired. I walk round the shops for nearly four hours.

2. -- What have you been looking for?

-- My keys.

-- As a rule, you are carring them in your coat pocket.

-- That's right, but they are not there.

-- Oh, here they are. They are lying under your gloves all the time.

Скажите по-английски:

1. Послушай! Анна поет в соседней комнате. Она поет очень хорошо. Она учится в консерватории уже 3 года. 2. Что вы пишете? -- Я пишу письмо своей сестре. Мы часто пишем письма друг другу. Сейчас она работает над своей книгой. Она работает над ней уже несколько месяцев. 3. Что ты сейчас делаешь? -- Я готовлюсь к семинару по истории государства и права. -- По-моему, ты готовишься уже давно. -- Да, этот семинар очень трудный. Я готовлюсь уже несколько часов. -- Но обычно ты быстро готовишься. -- Да, а вот к этому семинару я готовлюсь с трех часов.

Ваши друзья говорят о вещах, в которых, как вы думаете, вы разбираетесь лучше. Выскажите им свое мнение.

Model: A. The film... is very interesting.

В. But the film... is more interesting.

C. And the film... is the most interesting.

1. the book is good; 2. jazz-band is famous; 3. our hostel is beautiful: 4. this subject is interesting. 5. this man is tall; 6. our university is old.

Предположим, вы берете интервью у знаменитого актера (писателя, спортсмена). Постарайтесь использовать в своих вопросах степени сравнения.

Model: What was the most important event in your life?, etc.

Машинистка пропустила несколько слов в следующих предложениях. Пожалуйста, восполните пробелы, используя слова в скобках.

1. The House of Commons ... an important bill.

2. Each member ... for the proposal.

3. Everybody demanded ... for this state.

4. It was time...

5. He was elected ... at the meeting.

(independence, to preside, voted, to accept, to send, occasion, to act)

Что-то случилось с этими предложениями: все слова поменялись местами. Поставьте их в правильном порядке.

1. carefully acted very the Prime Minister.

2. member a vote the House of Commons in has each.

3. the young struggles its for independence state.

4. presides the House of Commons the Speaker in.

Хорошо ли вы помните текст этого урока? Можете вы закончить следующие предложения в соответствии с текстом, но не глядя в него?

1. Members of the House of Commons have to sit in the gangways because...

2. When Black Rod arrives to the door of the House of Commons it is banged into his face because...

3. The Speaker struggles when he is going to his great chair because...

4. The Speaker has the casting vote when...

Вашему другу нужно пересказать текст этого урока, но одному ему не справиться. Ответьте на его вопросы: этим вы ему поможете.

1. Who has reserved seats in the Parliament?

2. Have the ministers right for reserved seats?

3. Who opens the session of the Parliament?

4. Where does the Queen send Black Rod?

5. Do the members of the House of Commons follow Black Rod?

6. Why were the men afraid to become Speaker?

7. What is the business of the Speaker nowa days?

8. Why do the members stand up and try «to catch the Speaker's eye»?

Предположим, что вы -- а) член британского парламента и выступаете перед группой иностранных студентов, рассказывая им о парламентской процедуре; б) Джон Кинг и пытаетесь вспомнить, что ваш отец говорил вам о парламенте и его работе.

Скажите по-английски:

1. Премьер-министр действовал согласно правилам парламентской процедуры. 2. Оппозиция боролась за право послать своих представителей на эту сессию. 3. Королева прибыла, чтобы произнести тронную речь. 4. Лидер оппозиции и премьер-министр обсуждают этот вопрос с самого утра.

7.4 Practice in communication

(Approval and Disapproval)

Read and try to remember.

Somebody has done or is going to do something you approve or disapprove of. Here are some ways of expressing your feelings:

Approval

1. (That's) a good idea!

2. Wonderful! (Excellent, splendid).

3. Very wise (sensible) of you.

4. Well done!

5. Good for you!

6. I'm all for it!

7. That's it!

Disapproval

1. That's not a (very) good idea.

2. That's silly.

3. I'm all against it.

4. I wouldn't say I like it.

5. Rubbish!

Express your approval on disapproval of the following statement made to you by a close friend.

1. I'm going on a diet.

2. I'm going to learn Japanese.

3. We're going to get engaged.

4. I'm going to telephone the police.

5. I've bought a new car.

6. I've become a student.

Look, listen and then dramatize:

WIFE: I feel terribly bored. I'm going to take a Job.

HUSBAND: Good!

WIFE: Then I can buy my own car.

HUSBAND: Splendid!

WIFE: And pay for my own clothes.

HUSBAND: That's an excellent idea.

A friend of yours telephones to tell you of his/her plans for the summer holidays. You approve of some of the plans but not of others. Begin like this:

A. Hullo! I've decided to go to the seaside in July.

B. ...

7.5 General understanding

Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 7)

1. The deaf old lady did not hear the knock, but Coke did. His heart began to pound wildly. He had to decide what to do, and quickly.

«There's someone at the door», he said loudly, but the old lady did not understand. «There's someone at the door», he said again, this time even more loudly than before. She went out of the room and Coke quickly stepped back into the shadows of the front room.

2. The old lady opened the front door. Coke could see her quite clearly, but nothing else. He listened carefully.

«Hello, Mrs Hartley. I'm from the village police station. The sergeant sent me. I've got something to tell you».

Then Coke saw the policeman very clearly. The old lady and the policeman came through the door into the sitting-room. Coke was behind the door, so the policeman couldn't see him.

«Good evening officer. Can I help you?» Coke said very loudly and clearly. The policeman turned around and looked at Coke. He was very surprised. Then Coke hit him hard as he could in the stomach and he fell to the floor heavily. The old lady screamed. The policeman tried to get up, but fell back weakly. Coke ran out of the room.

3. The phone rang about five minutes later at the local police headquarters. Hall answered it. «What? Coke? Where? When?» Baxter stood up as soon as he heard Coke's name. He quickly put his hat and coat on. Halls listened carefully to the voice on the other end and quickly made a few notes. Then he put the phone down and turned to Baxter. «Well, we know where Coke is now. A policeman almost caught him only five minutes ago».

«What do you mean, he almost caught him? Did he catch him or didn't he?» «No, he got away. He stole the policeman's bike».

Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text.

1. When Coke heard the knock...

a) he calmly went to the door;

b) his heart began to pound wildly;

c) he took out his knife.

2. When Coke saw the policeman...

a) he decided to kill him;

b) he decided to use his knife;

c) he stepped back and waited.

3. When Coke hit the policeman...

a) the old lady screamed;

b) the policeman ran after him;

c) he didn't know what to do.

4. Baxter learnt that...

a) the policeman caught Coke;

b) Coke stole the policeman bike;

c) Coke hit the policeman.

Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.)

1. Where did Coke hide?

2. What did Coke do when the policeman entered the room?

3. What did Halls learn on the phone?

4. What did Coke steal?

Make the plan of this episode in 3 sentences.

фонетический лексический английский речь

7.6 Scanning practice

Read the questions. Be sure you've got them well in mind.

1. How many members must be present at the session of the House of Commons?

2. When do most of the members of House of Lords appear in the House?

3. When must the members bow to the chair?

Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time.

From Monday to Thursday the House of Commons, when in session, meets daily in the early afternoon. Most members of the House of Commons do not attend Parliament all the time it is in session, but at least 50 members must be present. If a member calls for a «Count» and fewer than this number are present, the House is adjourned.

The House of Lords meets on only three days a week, for hours. Not more than 100 peers take part in the regular work of the House. The rest of them appear only on ceremonial occasions.

There is a chair at the top of the House of Commons, in which sits Mr Speaker or his deputy when the House is in session. Every member entering or leaving the House is supposed to bow to the chair -- not to the occupant, for the chair may be empty; still they must bow. Some members make quite a ceremony of it.

(161 words)

Answer the questions in 7.6.1. (Books closed.)

7.7 Listening practice

Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after listening to the text.

1. How many countries has Elmar seen?

2. Why does he want a thousand dollars?

3. Whom has Elmar met?

4. How many rolls of films has he used?

Listen to the dialogue.

Answer the questions in 7.7.1.

Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the text.

missing -- пропавший

curly -- кудрявый, волнистый

Listen to the dialogue.Be ready to give the contents of it in Russian.

Tell the contents of the dialogue in Russian as close to the text as possible.

7.8 Time for fun

Read and then tell it in Russian. Believe it or not, but...

...when a masked man tried to rob the post office at Darley Abbey, Derbyshire, an official just threw a cup of hot tea in his face and the bandit fled.

...The governor of Indiana signed a law banning riding in a public bus for persons who have had a meal seasoned with garlic. The law breakers may be sentenced to confinement or a fine of 10 dollars.

And now try to solve this crossword.

ACROSS: 1. With anger. 6. The pronoun «we» in the objective case. 7. The number 1. 8. Prefix, meaning «against». 9. Antonym of «far». 11. To make use of the eyes. 13. A preposition. You can guess it from the following sentences: «The Mediterranean Sea is... Europe and Africa». «A river flows... its banks». 15. An antonym of «clever, bright». 16. To flow back from land to sea (speaking of the tide). 17. An enthusiastic supporter of a football team, for example. 18. In this (that) way; thus.

DOWN: 1. A sound or signal giving a warning of danger. 2. Destruction; serious damage. 3. The verb «to be» in the Present Indefinite, 3d person singular. 4. The reflexive and emphatic pronoun in the 2d person. 5. Making deaf, especially by a loud noise (the Present Participle). 10. Clever, showing knowledge or skill. 12. You will form the plural of «toot, goose, tooth» by replacing «oo» by these letters. 14. Napoleon lived on this island in 1814-1815.

UNIT 8. Фонетика: sounds [u:], [u]

Словообразование: суффиксы глагола -fy, -ate, -en

Грамматика: будущее время Simple Future, сравнительные конструкции as...as; not so...as

Текст: «Elections»

8.1 Sound right

Listen, look, say:

too tomb tooth tool due junior

boo booed boot cool view prudent

rue rude route rule hue wounded

who whom hoot fool new whooping

coo cooed coot pull few balloon

sou soon soup spool pew protrude

Lou lose loose stool stew include

Listen, look, say:

1. Who'll do the rooms?

2. Do as I do.

3. Sue's true blue.

4. Ruth can't say boo to a goose.

5. You are a nuisance, too.

6. Don't you be too soon, Bruce.

7. Lou grew too big for his boots.

8. Prue knew who's who.

9. I see Prudie once in a blue moon. 10. Read the newspaper review through and through.

Listen and look. Pay attention to the sound [u]: [u] as in good, [u:] as in boot.

I

A. Who would he choose?

B. He'd choose you.

A. He wouldn't choose me -- I'm much too young. He doesn't think I could do it.

B. Well, if he wouldn't choose you, who would he choose?

A. He'd choose Wood. Wood's very good.

B. Mm-much too good to be true.

II

A. We should be there by two.

B. Yes. It's a full moon. And the route's good.

A. I'll put the things in the boot.

B. The boot's full.

A. What has that fool put in the boot?

B. I wouldn't look if I were you...

A. Or I should say ... who's he put in the boot?

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

Listen, look, say:

good look woman full

could put sugar bull

would foot pudding wool

should book butcher wolf

room push woolen wolves

hood cook cushion pulpit

wood puss bullet pullman

Listen, look, say:

1. It looks good.

2. Put your foot down.

3. Keep a good look out.

4. Fuller took good aim.

5. I wouldn't put it past Foots.

6. Woolner refused to put foot out.

7. It wouldn't look good, would it?

8. Wolf is put to the push.

9. Would you help the woman, if you could?

10. I couldn't help looking, could I?

11. If only Foot should pull through.

12. Pull devil! Pull baker! Bully for you!

Listen and look. Pay attention to the sound [u]: [u] as in foot, [] as in cut.

I

A. I've cut my foot.

B. Let me look. Ummm... Not much of a cut. No blood. Just put a plaster on it. Cover it up.

A. It's the other foot actually.

II

A. Could you come for lunch? B. I wish I could come, but... A. I'm cooking a duck.

B. A duck? Mmmm...

A. I've just made the pudding.

B. Oh! A pudding?

A. With nuts!

B. Nuts? Mmmm... A wonderful lunch! Wonderful!

A. It would be lovely if you could come.

B. I'd love to come mother...

A. Good. Come at once.

B. But...

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogue in pairs.

Try to read the toungue-twister as fast as you can.

A tutor who taught on the flute,

Tried to teach two young footers to toot.

Said the two to the tutor:

«It is harder to toot, or To tutor two tooters to toot?»

8.2 Word-building: -ify, -ate, -en

Paraphrase the following word-combinations using -ify:

make or become more intense; arrange in classes; make simple; make pure; unite (form into one).

Make pairs of antonyms:

complicate purify

pollute horrify

separate simplify

please nullify

establish unify

Give Russian equivalents for the following verbs with suffix -en:

darken, broaden, tighten, sweeten, deepen, strengthen, threaten, sharpen, blacken, redden.

Answer the questions:

1. When. do the days begin to lengthen?

2. What did the fascists threaten to do?

3. What heightens your interest in your studies?

4. What can you do to brighten the classroom?

5. What strengthens the world peace?

8.3 Full understanding

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:

constitution, organ, candidate ['knddt], to inform, deputy ['depjut], local, periodically, President, practice ['prkts], register ['redst], guarantee [,gr()n't], qualification, Democrats ['demkrts], Republicans, platform, Russia, referendum, Federation.

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте, запоминайте:

New words:

population -- население

suffrage ['sfr] -- избирательное право

citizen -- гражданин

mass media -- средства массовой информации

majority -- большинство

to elect -- выбирать

elector -- выборщик

to represent -- представлять

voter -- избиратель

to receive -- получать

as well as -- так же, как

right (n) -- право

to participate -- принимать участие

set -- набор, список

authority -- власть

School vocabulary: both ... and

Прочитайте и переведите:

Elections

Tomorrow is the great day for Peter Sokolov. For the first time in his life he'll take part in the general elections of this country. According to the constitution of Russia all organs of state power are elected by the entire adult population on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot1. The right to elect and be elected to the bodies of state power and local authorities, and also to take part in the referendum is guaranteed by the Constitution of Russian Federation. Pete will vote for some candidate tomorrow, but he himself can't be elected yet, because he's only 18. Under the law every citizen of this country at the age of 21 can be elected to the Parliament. The candidate whom Pete will vote for was nominated by the university. Pete knows that periodically the deputies will inform their electors about their activity during the meetings with them and also with the help of mass media.

Jane Snow will also take part in the elections of the President next year. But her vote isn't a direct one. In November voters in each state give their votes for candidates. By practice the electors must vote for the candidate who gets majority of votes in their state even if his majority is very small. Before voting in November every citizen must register in accordance with the laws of his state. This gives him the right of participating in «primaries»2. The US constitution guarantees every citizen the right to vote but the states with the help of numerous qualifications deprive a lot of people of this right. And those who do vote can only make their choice practically between two sets of candidates -- Democrats and Republicans whose political platforms are practically alike.

1. universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot -- всеобщее, равное и прямое избирательное право при тайном голосовании

2. «primaries» -- первичные выборы

Вы собираетесь пригласить вашего друга на вечер. Спросите его, что он будет делать завтра.

Несколько студентов сказали преподавателю, что вы и некоторые ваши друзья собираетесь совершить завтра нечто ужасное. Разубедите его, скажите, что вы не сделаете ничего подобного.

Перед вами диалог между двумя подозреваемыми. Но вам известны слова только одного из них. Восстановите слова его собеседника.

1. ...

2. Yes, I will. I'll come and bring everything.

1...

2. I think I'll come at 2 as usual.

1. ...

2. I'll leave everything at our usual place.

1. ...

2. No, I won't. Nobody will know about it.

1. ...

2. No, I won't. I'll wait for your telephone call.

Скажите по-английски:

1. В следующем году я приму участие в выборах. 2. Через 5 лет мы станем юристами. 3. Не приходи ко мне в 6. Меня не будет дома в это время. 4. Президент не будет выступать перед избирателями завтра. 5. Кто будет представлять кандидата на собрании? 6. Большинство граждан будет голосовать за этого кандидата. 7. Вы будете выдвигать своего кандидата на выборах? -- Нет, не будем. 8. Когда ты будешь встречаться с избирателями?

Предположим, что вы -- следователь. В вашем распоряжении несколько предложений, собранных попарно. Если вы соедините каждую пару в одно предложение, вы получите очень важную информацию.

1. You will knock at the door three times. Miss Black will open the door.

2. You will come in time. You will receive some very important information.

3. You will get into the house. You will find the sealed letter.

4. You won't phone him. There will be a crime.

5. The Smiths won't pay money immediately. Their son won't return.

Предположим, что вы -- свидетель. Вы знаете трех подозреваемых: Mr. Green, Mr. Brown and Mr. White. Следователь просит вас дать сравнительные характеристики всех троих. Эта информация будет ему очень полезна.

Height Weight Size Arms Ears

(foot)

GREEN 5'6" 12st 11lb 8 very long normal

BROWN 6'1" 13st 2lb 9 long large

WHITE 4'8" 9st 5lb 7 short small

' - ft (30,5 cm);" - in (inch) - 2,5 cm; 1 foot - 12 inches; st (stone) -- 6,5 kg; lb (pound) -- 0,5 kg; 1 stone

-- 14 pounds

Двое ваших друзей никак не могут прийти к соглашению, сравнивая свой рост и вес. Помогите им.

Скажите по-английски:

1. Сегодня мы выучили столько же английских слов, сколько и вчера. 2. Завтра мы придем на занятия раньше, чем обычно. 3. Завтра у Петра самый важный день. 4. Мне нужно гораздо меньше времени, чтобы прочитать текст, чем перевести его. 5. Вчера лекции начались не так рано, как обычно. 6. Ростовский университет моложе МГУ. 7. Наше общежитие в центре города гораздо старше общежития на Западном. 8. Наш новый преподаватель самый молодой на факультете. 9. Чем больше я читаю произведения этого писателя, тем больше они мне нравятся. 10. Чем громче ты кричишь, тем меньше я тебя понимаю.

А теперь снова конкурс на звание лучшего переводчика. В первом туре вам предстоит перевести следующие предложения:

1. For the first time in his life he'll take part in the general elections. 2. The entire adult population takes part in the election of the organs of state power. 3. The majority of the citizens of this country enjoy their suffrage. 4. Both you and your friend will represent our organization. 5. The voter couldn't make a choice between two candidates, because both of them had represented similar programmes. 6. He had no right to receive the representatives of that country.

Во втором туре вы должны перевести эти предложения вновь на английский язык. (Книги закрыты.)

Третий тур. Постарайтесь закончить следующие предложения из текста, не заглядывая в книгу:

1. Voters in each state...

2. Before voting in November every citizen must...

3. The state with the help of numerous qualifications...

Предположим, что вы -- Петр или Джейн. Вам интересно, как проходят выборы в ваших странах. Расспросите друг друга.

Вам предстоит написать статью о различиях в избирательных системах России и США. Прежде чем писать статью, необходимо составить план. Сделайте это так:

Russia The USA

1. ................ 1.................

Представьте опять, что вы -- Петр или Джейн. Вы только что побеседовали о выборах в ваших странах и теперь расскажите вашим друзьям, что вы узнали об избирательных системах России и США.

8.4 Practice in communication

(Accusal and Defence)

Read and try to remember:

Someone accuses you of having done something wrong. You know or feel you haven't done it. Here are some ways of defending yourself.

1. I'm sorry, but I don't think I did/you're right.

2. Oh, no. I didn't.

3. Really ? Did I ?

4. Are you sure ?

5. What makes you think/say that ?

Tell someone that he or she:

1. told you a lie;

2. stole your gloves (handbag, passport);

3. owes you some money;

4. left the lights on;

5. left the car door open;

6. took your umbrella;

7. dropped some ink on your new carpet.

He or she will respond by using one of expressions in 8.4.1.

Look through the dialogues and insert the missed parts. Dramatize the dialogues.

I

A. Any more fares?

B. Oxford Circus, please.

A. The fare's 30p now, sir.

B. Yes, I know.

A. But you only gave me 10 p.

B. No, ... I ...

A. Look, here's the 10 p you gave me.

B. Are...?

A. Absolutely sure.

B. I'm sorry, but I don't think... But anyhow here's another 20 p.

II

A. You still owe me 10, you know.

B. No, I don't... (right).

A. Oh, yes; I am.

B. ...?

A. Absolutely.

Accuse your partner of something. He/she will defend him/herself.

8.5 General understanding

Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 8)

1. Baxter got into the car first. Halls was right behind him. «You drive. You know the area better than I do». Baxter said. They raced out of the town and into the dark countryside.

Ten minutes later, about three miles from the old lady's house, Baxter suddenly saw someone on the dark road ahead. «Look! There!» he shouted. «There's someone on a bike! And look! He's going to get off!» Halls saw the man quite clearly, but only for a second. As soon as the man saw they were in a police car, he dropped his bike and ran into the trees at the side of the road. «That's Coke!» Baxter shouted. «He isn't going get away this time!» Baxter jumped out of the car even before Halls stopped it, and ran after Coke. Halls jumped out, too. He didn't switch off the headlights.

2. All Coke's training as a soldier helped him now. Baxter was just behind him when Coke suddenly turned. Baxter tried to grab him but almost tost his balance. Then Coke hit him on the chin as hard as he could. Baxter fell to the ground heavily. At that moment, Halls jumped on Coke from behind but Coke threw him over his back and against a tree and then ran back towards the road before Halls could get up. Even when he did, he fell to the ground again. There was a terrible pain in his ribs. Coke saw the police car very clearly. The headlights were still on and the door was open. Coke jumped in. When Baxter and Halls came to themselves it was too late. Coke was gone and so was their car.

Coke drove for about twenty minutes. He felt nervous in the police car but he knew it was his only chance. Suddenly something on the road ahead attracted his attention. Two police cars were there, side by side, blocking the road. Nothing could get by them!

3. The two policemen at the road block were bored. Suddenly they saw a car coming towards them.

«It's a police car», one of them said. «Perhaps they're bringing us some hot coffee, or something to eat». The car was still a good distance away. «Isn't it going to stop?» «It doesn't look like it. Shall we stop it? Our orders are to stop every car». Just then, they heard the two-tone sound of the horn. «Would you move the car out of the way, Bob, or shall I?» «But our orders were...» «You don't think Coke's going to come through here in a police car, do you?» The policemen hardly had time to move back their cars when Coke shot through the narrow gap and raced down the road in the direction of London.

Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text.

1. As soon as the man saw they were in a police car...

a) he began to drive faster;

b) he dropped his bike and ran into the trees;

c) he stopped and walked for them.

2. When Halls jumped on Coke from behind Coke...

a) threw him over his back;

b) hit him on the chin;

c) seized him.

3. Coke could get into the car because...

a) the headlights were on;

b) the door was open;

c) he had the key.

4. The policemen let Coke pass because...

a) they recognized him;

b) they thought it was the police officer in the car;

c) he signalled to them.

Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.)

1. Where did Halls and Baxter see Coke?

2. What did Coke do as soon as he saw the police car?

3. What helped Coke to escape this time?

4. What did Halls feel?

5. What did Coke see on the road?

6. What did the policemen think about the car coming towards them?

Give the main idea of the extract in 3-4 sentences.

8.6 Scanning practice

Read the questions. Be sure you've got them well in mind.

1. Where did he think he lost the lighter?

2. What did he take with him when he went to the police station?

3. What did he realize when he got home?

Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time.

How I lost my lighter

The last time I went to Exham I lost my lighter. The lighter was old but it had been a present from my mother. I tried hard to remember where and how I could have lost it. I wondered when I had last used it. At first I could not remember. Then I knew. It had been on that bus I had taken on my way back from the National Gallery to the boarding-house. An old man had asked me to give him a light and I had. I well remembered how he handed the lighter back to me, so it must have disappeared either while I was on the bus or later, in the street, between the bus stop and my boarding-house because it was there that I discovered my loss.

So I decided to get in touch with the police. Off I went. The moment I stepped outside the door I realized it was raining hard, so I returned to my room to take my umbrella.

I reported my loss to the officer on duty at the enquiry desk saying that the lighter had my initials engraved on it: N. S. «Very well. Let's see the lost-and-found book». The police officer lifted a heavy black book on to his desk, opened it, and ran his finger down the page. «Quite a few things have been brought in from all over the district today. Keys, wallet, glasses, handbag, bottle of whisky, right glove, umbrella, pocket transistor, two books, camera...» The officer continued his list of objects for a little longer and then suddenly he raised his voice: «Lighter! What did you say your initials are, sir?» «N. S., sergeant». «And N. S. they are».

The rest was a simple formality. The officer gave me my lighter and filled out a form for me to sign. I left a tenshilling note as a reward for the finder, and left the police-station. I took a taxi home, and only after I had got home did I realize that I had left my umbrella at the police-station.

(349 words)

Answer the questions in 8.6.1.

8.7 Listening practice

Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after listening to the text.

1. Why is Peter looking at his watch?

2. Who's going into the cinema?

3. What are some people doing?

4. Where's Peter sitting?

5. What's a lady wearing?

6. Why's Lulu unhappy?

7. Why is the girl in the film crying «Help!»?

Listen to the story.

Answer the questions in 8.7.1.

Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the text. terrific -- потрясающий

Listen to the dialogue. Be ready to give the contents of it in Russian.

Tell the contents of the dialogue in Russian as close to the text as possible.

8.8 Time for fun

Read and translate the jokes.

1. It only made matters worse

A husband said to his friend: «My wife doesn't allow me to sleep. She is afraid of thieves, she wakes me up if she hears the slightest noise, and makes me get up to see if there are burglars in the house».

«You can easily get over that difficulty. Just explain to your wife that thieves don't make any noise; they work quietly and don't disturb anybody». «I've already done that, old man, but it only made matters worse. Now she gets me up several times every night because she hears nothing».

2. «Have you anything to say for yourself before I pass the sentence?» the judge said to the pickpocket. «What good have you ever done for mankind?» «Well, Your Honour», said the prisoner, «I've kept four or five detectives working regularly and I've helped several reporters, prison guards, and you keep their jobs».

UNIT 9. Фонетика: sound [w]

Словообразование: суффикс наречия -ly

Грамматика: прошедшие времена Past Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous

Текст: «Pete's travel to London»

9.1 Sound right

Listen, look, say:

we wool sweet twice queenwhere

work walk swift twelve quick which

why ward swam twenty quite whale

way wood swan twin question wet

west was swore tweed quarrel wine

war win swine twist quiet weather

Listen, look, say:

1. Why worry?

2. We wondered where we were.

3. I wonder what's wrong with Wyn.

4. The sweater will wear well.

5. Wilful waste makes woeful want.

6. Walter always knows what's what.

7. It was a wonder the weather was so wet.

8. Winnie is as weak as water.

9. Watt is as swift as the wind.

10. No sweet without some sweat.

Listen and look. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the sound [w].

I

( [w] as in want)

A. Where's the wagon?

B. Where's what wagon?

A. The water wagon.

B. What water wagon?

A. The wagon with the water.

B. What water?

A. I want water.

B. We all want water.

A. Well, where's the water?

B. Good question!

II

( [w] as in want, [v] as in very)

A. Come on, Vicky. Time for our evening walk. Vicky! Evening walk time! Vicky, why won't you come for your walk this evening? You know we go for our walk at seven every evening. Talk, Vicky, please. Talk. Use words. You don't have to growl -- you have a voice you know. Perhaps we should've called you Rover. Oh, I'm going! Here -- have a bone!

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

Try to read the tongue-twister as fast as you can:

Whether the weather be fine Or whether the weather be not, Whether the weather be cold Or whether the weather be hot, We'll weather the weather Whatever the weather Whether we like it or not.

9.2 Word-building: -ly

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