Английский язык для юристов

(The Times) (190 words)

Answer the questions in 11.6.1. (Books closed.)

11.7 Listening practice

Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after listening to the text.

1. Why was everybody afraid in the saloon?

2. Who hurried to the saloon?

3. Who fired first?

4. What did two cowboys do?

Listen to the dialogue.

Answer the questions in 11.7.1.

Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the text.

on average -- в среднем

currently -- в настоящее время

regard -- рассматривать

relatively -- относительно

expect -- ожидать

Listen to the story. Be ready to give the contents of it in Russian.

Tell the contents of the story in Russian as close to the text as possible.

11.8 Time for fun

Read and translate the following jokes.

1. A man was accused of stealing a pair of trousers. After a long examination he was acquitted, because the evidence against him was not sufficiently strong. He stayed, however, in the dock after his aquital had been pronounced. The lawyer who had defended him, observing that he didn't go away, informed him that he was free to go wherever he wanted. The man shook his head slightly, but remained. By this time the court was nearly empty. Again his lawyer told him that he could go. «I can't go till all the witnesses against me have left the court», said the man. «And why may that be?» asked the lawyer. «Because of the stolen trousers, sir. I've got them on».

2. A barber went to a lawyer for advice. «What shall I do», he asked «to a boy who threw a stone in one of my windows and broke a pane?» «You may make his father pay for it», answered the lawyer. «Then», said the barber, «I want six shillings from you, sir, for it was your son who did it». «And if you hand me over four shillings», said the lawyer, «we shall be quits, for my fee is half a pound».

How many pounds of earth can you take out of a hole which is one foot square and one foot deep?

Can you read the address?

UNIT 12. Фонетика: sounds [s], []

Словообразование: отрицательный префикс un-

Грамматика: пассивный залог

Текст: «Jane's letter» (cont.)

12.1 Sound right

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the difference in pronounciation of the sounds [s] and []: [s] as in sink, [] as in think.

I

A. It's not safe.

B. Of course, it's safe.

A. I think, it'll sink. It's only made of thin cloth.

B. It's not cloth, it's plastic. And it's not thin, it's thick.

A. Well, even thick plastic can burst.

B. It's quite safe. The man said so.

A. And anyway, sailing makes me sick.

II

A. Now, look at this, sir -- this marvellous seventeenth century mirror. It's a thing both of beauty and of worth.

B. Yes,butd'youthink...

A. Oh, I think you'll like the price too, sir.

B. Mmm. Perhaps so. But to me it seems quite worthless.

A. Oh -- you can have complete faith in it?

B. Yes -- but can you see your face in it?

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

Listen and look. Pay attention to the difference in pronunciation of the sounds [] and [t]: [9] as in three, [t] as in tree.

I

A. I think I shall plant two or three of these trees.

B. Mmm. Two or three trees would be nice. Where do you think you'll plant them?

A. On both sides of the path, I think.

B. And when the trees are tall...

A. I shall be a hundred and thirty.

II

A. I'm taking mathematics and theology.

B. And who teaches you math?

A. Mr. Theodore.

B. But I thought Mr. Theodore taught theology.

A. He taught theology last term. But the math teacher left and now Mr. Theodore will be taking us for maths.

B. Well, who's taking you for theology now?

A. Mrs. Theodore.

B. I didn't know Mrs. Theodore had studied theology.

A. That is how she met Mr. Theodore.

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

12.2 Word-building

Give Russian equivalents to the following words:

unjust, unfortunately, unwritten, unfair, unknown, unnecessary, unlock, unload, unconscious.

Perephrase the following word combinations using prefix un-;

not equal in size; not familiar names; not a happy woman; a believable fact; not a healthy place; not human treatment; not finished work; one who doesn't believe something; lack of certainty.

12.3 Full understanding

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:

specialist, jurisdiction [,urs'dkn], national, to organize, veto ['vtou], to block, bill, Federal Court of Appeals [a'plz].

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте, запомните:

New words:

Chief Justice -- главный судья

to approve ['prv] -- одобрять

circuit ['skt] -- округ

bench -- (зд.) состав суда

judiciary ['d()r] -- судоустройство

existing -- существующий

to pass a law -- принять закон

to issue ['sj] -- издавать (о приказе)

School vocabulary:

field, to belong, white.

Прочитайте и переведите:

Jane's letter

(continued)

«...You asked me to tell some words about the judicial system of the USA. Though I'm not a specialist in this field I'll try to do my best. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ of the US and it meets in the Supreme Court Building in Washington. It's a beautiful building of white marble. Above the main entrance the words are written «Equal Justice Under Law». The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the USA and eight Associate Justices. They are all appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court has the right to declare unconstitutional any law passed by Congress or any order issued by the President. This right of veto is widely used to block the passage of any progressive bills. The USA is divided into eleven judicial circuits and each one is served with a Federal Court of Appeals. As a rule the Court of Appeals sits with three judges on the bench. There are about ninety district courts in different parts of the United States. The district courts are the lowest ones in the Federal court system. Most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by these courts. The district court is the only Federal court where trials are held, juries are used, and witnesses are called. There are about two hundred district judges in the USA. Cases tried in the district court may be appealed in one of the eleven Courts of Appeal and in the Supreme Court. The decision of the Supreme Court is final. In the US the judiciary is divided into the federal and state judiciary. Jurisdiction of particular courts or judges is determined by either the national or state constitutions and laws. The state courts are organized in a system that looks like the system of Federal courts with a Supreme Court at the top. In most of the states the lowest courts are the magistrates, or police courts...»

(to be continued)

В тексте встречаются более 10 случаев употребления Passive Voice. Дайте, пожалуйста, точную цифру.

Предположим, что вы пишете отчет вашему начальнику о краже со взломом. Используйте следующие слова и Passive Voice.

1. The door of the house, to force, at 10 p. m. yesterday.

2. The old man, to beat, to tie.

3. The most valuable things, to take.

4. The fingerprints, to find, on many pieces of furniture.

5. The knife, to leave, by one of the burglars.

6. The car, to use, by them, and the traces of it, to find, near the house.

7. The old man, to take to the hospital.

Предположим, что вы сопровождаете в качестве гида иностранного туриста, приехавшего в Ростов. Предложите ему план пребывания в Ростове. Используйте Future Simple.

Model: Tomorrow at 5 p. m. you'll be taken to Drama Theatre.

Преподаватель упрекает вас в целом ряде поступков. Попытайтесь оправдаться, используя Passive Voice и выражения:

Oh, no; you see...;

The fact is that...;

On the contrary...

1. You took my text-book yesterday.

2. You fell asleep at my lesson.

3. I saw you kiss this girl/boy.

4. I know you are going to miss my lesson tomorrow.

5. You broke the window in our classroom yesterday.

6. You hid my bag and I can't find it.

7. You beat your neighbour.

В нашем классе случаются странные вещи. Скажите, кого вы подозреваете в этом.

Model: (to break the window) -- The window was broken by...

1. to tear note-books;

2. to break the teacher's table;

3. to eat smb's apple;

4. to hide student's coats;

5. to bring monkey to the lesson;

6. to write a letter to the teacher;

7. to scold the teacher.

Скажите по-английски:

1. Меня попросили рассказать о судебной системе США. 2. Его предложение одобряется всеми членами совета. 3. Эти судьи назначаются президентом. 4. Этого свидетеля вызвали последним 5. Присяжные используются в наиболее серьезных случаях. 6. Закон был принят вчера. 7. Страна разделена на несколько округов. 8. Большинство гражданских дел рассматривается судами магистрата. 9. Существующие системы судов штатов возглавляются верховными судами штатов. 10. Суды штатов организованы подобно федеральным судам.

Петр решил рассказать смешную историю. Он пытался как можно чаще употреблять Passive Voice. Удалось ли ему справиться с этим без ошибок?

This story was told by Charles Dickens. During a sea-trip a young girl was courted by five young men. She was at a loss whom to choose. She was advised to jump overboard and then marry the one who would be jumped in after her. The girl did as she was told. She was jumped into the sea and was followed by four of the men. When they were fished out of the water by the sailors she was at a loss even more than before. «What shall I do with these four wet men?» -- she was asked the captain. «Take the dry one», was the old sea-wolf's advice. And so she did.

Постарайтесь начертить схему системы федеральных судов США, пользуясь информацией в тексте этого урока.

Попытайтесь соотнести название судов (слева) и их юрисдикцию (справа).

Supreme Court 1. Most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by this court.

Court of Appeal 2. It has the right to declare unconstitutional any law passed by Congress.

District Court 3. It hears appeals from lower courts.

Прочитайте дополнительную информацию о федеральной системе судов США и расскажите, что вы поняли (по-русски).

Courts The government can be sued for of Claims unpaid salary, property taken for public use and personal injuries for which the Federal government is responsible. The Court of Claims consists of a chief justice and 4 associate justices who are appointed by the President with Senate approval.

Customs This court deals with all the cases

Court arising at the customs when goods enter the country. This court was established in 1890 and is located in New York where most of its business is conducted.

Court of The court hears appeals from

Customs decisions of the Customs Court and Patent and the Patent Office. Its judge-Appeals ments and decrees are final.

Предположим, что вы -- один из судей Верховного суда США. Иностранные корреспонденты задают вам вопрос о судебной системе США. Дайте точные ответы на их вопросы.

12.4 Practice in communication

(Refusal)

Read and try to remember:

Here are some ways of refusing to comply with someone's suggestions.

1. No, thank you. I don't want to.

2. No, certainly not.

3. Why should I?

4. Oh, no!

5. Never!

6. Good heavens, no!

Ask someone why they don't:

1. buy a television;

2. call the police;

3. go into politics;

4. get a new job;

5. have a haircut;

6. take up yoga;

7. become a doctor.

He/she will refuse to comply with your suggestions.

Look through the dialogue and then dramatize it.

HE Why don't you sit down and relax, darling?

SHE Because I don't want to.

HE Well, come and talk to me then.

SHE Certainly not.

HE May I turn on the radio then?

SHE Turn on the radio? What for?

HE So that we can sit together and listen to some music.

SHE Listen to some music? And who'll cook the dinner? Will you?

HE OK, I will. But let's go to a disco after dinner.

SHE To a disco? Good heavens, no! You know I hate pop.

Make any suggestions you like. You partner will refuse to comply.

12.5 General understanding

Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 12)

1. Kate led Coke to a table and then went to the bar to get their drinks. «Masters isn't here», Coke said. «Surely you didn't expect to walk in and find him, just like that?» «No, I suppose not».

They had been there for over an hour. More people came in, but Masters was not among them. It was getting towards closing time when the barman came to their table. «May I take you empty glasses?» he asked politely. Coke touched him on his sleeve. «Does a man named Eric Masters ever come in here?» he asked. He did not notice the man standing at the bar who stared at him in the mirror when he mentioned Masters' name.

2. The barman thought for a second. «There's a man named Eric Masters who comes in here a lot. He's a military type. Is that who you mean?» he asked. Coke tried to sound casual when he asked his next question. «Has he been here today?» The barman nodded. «Yes, he was in this afternoon». «I don't suppose you know where I can find him now?» Coke said. «I'm afraid not. All I know about him is that he has an antique shop somewhere near Red Lion Square», he answered.

The barman was shouting «Last orders, please» when Coke and Kate left. Kate led him through the crowded, bright streets. When they got to Shaftesbury Avenue, Kate called a taxi. Neither she nor Coke noticed the man who was so close behind them in the crowd that he heard Kate say «Red Lion Square, please» to the driver. They did not see him get into a cab and follow them.

3. «Would you mind driving round the Square once?» Kate asked the driver. Red Lion Square was deserted. «It's obviously not on the square itself», Coke said. They got out the taxi, paid the driver and started exploring. There were antique shops on several of the side streets but Masters' name was not among the other names of the owners.

Half an hour later they were still looking. Kate kept glancing over her shoulder. She had the uncomfortable feeling that someone was following them but she couldn't see anybody.

«I don't like wandering round the dark streets at this hour», she said. «I don't like doing it, either, but what else can we do? We can't stop looking now. It might be our last chance». Coke answered. Suddenly something in the window of a shop across the road caught his eye. The street was very dark but the thing gleamed. It reflected the light of a passing car. They crossed the street. The thing was an old military sabre and it was in a window marked «Antique Weapons and Military Antiques». There were old pistols, helmets and other swords in the window. Coke became excited. «This must be it!» he said. There was no name on the window but there was a phone number on the door. Coke copied it down.

Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text.

1. When Coke asked the barman about Eric Masters...

a) the man at the bar stared at him;

b) the barman stared at him in surprise;

c) the barman looked at the man at the door bar.

2. When Kate and Coke took the taxi...

a) they noticed the man behind them;

b) the man followed them in a cab;

c) the man lost sight of them.

3. When Kate glanced over her shoulder...

a) she noticed the man following them;

b) she could not see anybody;

c) she saw the light of a passing car.

Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.)

1. What did Coke ask the barman about?

2. What didn't Coke notice?

3. What did they learn from barman about Masters?

4. What did the man who followed them do?

5. What was there on the side streets of the square?

6. Why did Kate keep glancing over her shoulder?

7. What caught Coke's eye?

8. How was the window marked?

9. What was there in the window and on the door?

Compose the plan for this part of the story.

12.6 Scanning practice

Read the questions. Be sure you've got them well in mind.

1. Why did Mr. Newbery shoot?

2. What was the judgement?

3. What did the judgement cause?

4. Was Mr. Newbery right, trying to defend himself?

Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time.

82-year-old man who shot burglar must pay him $ 4000

An 82-year-old man who shot a burglar who was trying to break into his allotment shed was ordered to pay him $ 4000 damages yesterday. Ted Newberey had been sleeping in a shed to try to stop vandals destroying his allotment. He fired through a hole in the door when he heard voices outside. Mark Revill, 28, was hit in the chest and arm by 50 shotgun pellets as he and another man tried to smash their way into the shed.

They had gone there to steal, knowing that the pensioner had a television set and a washing machine in the shed.

Mr Newbery had slept in the shed every night for four years because of vandalism, the court was told by the defense. That night, he heard a loud banging on the door and a voice saying: «If the old man's in there, we'll do him». He was absolutely terrified, and fired the gun in self-defense. As the result of the incident, Mr Revill lost two fingers, and has partially lost the use of one arm

Mr Justice Rougier ruled that Mr. Newbery had acted out of all proportion to the threat. He had not acted in panic, but had planned his response in advance, and it had been reckless to shoot the shotgun through a hole in the door, while not being able to see what he was shooting at. Mr Justice Rougier awarded Revill $4000 for his injuries and loss of earnings.

The judgement coursed an immediate public outcry. Tim Molloney the Mayor of Erewash, launched an appeal to raise money to pay Mr Newbery's bill, and started the fund with a contribution of $100. Since then, money has been pouring in from all over the country. A London restaurateur was one of the dozens to call «The Times» to express his anger over the affair. Husseyin Ozer, 42, said he would sell his Rolex watch to pay the award. «I'm outraged. The old saying that an Englishman's home is his castle doesn't seem to be true any more», he said.

(350 words)

Answer the questions in 12.6.1. (Books closed.)

12.7 Listening practice

Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after listening to the text.

1. Why wasn't the student driving carefully?

2. What was the girl wearing and what was she carrying?

3. Where was the dog sitting?

Listen to the dialogue.

Answer the questions in 12.7.1.

Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the text.

respond -- реагировать

violence -- насилие

coach -- тренер

victim -- жертва

scream -- кричать

kick -- бить ногами

brick -- кирпич

half-conscious -- в полубессознательном состоянии

stitch -- шов

nightmare -- кошмар

regret -- сожалеть

Listen to the story. Be ready to give the contents of it in Russian.

Tell the contents of the story as close to the text as possible. You may do it in Russian.

12.8 Time for fun

Read the following jokes. Try to retell them. You may do it in Russian.

1. A friend of the judge dropped in for a visit one morning before court opened and looked around. «Goodness, you certainly have a lot of criminals to try this morning, haven't you?» he observed.

«Oh, not so many», answered the judge. «You are looking at the wrong bench -- those are the lawyers».

2. Lawyer: Now that we have won, will you tell me confidentially if you stole the money?

Client: Well, after hearing you talk in court yesterday, I am beginning to think I didn't.

3. Judge: Have you anything to say before I pass sentence on you?

Prisoner: Yes, Your Honour, I should like you to have your lunch first.

A word has five letters. Take away two, and only one remains. Guess which word it is.

Lots of English words sound alike but have different meaning. Can you complete the sentences using words from the list below?

1. A. That ... of shoes cost 22 and the heels fell off after three days.

B. Would you like some grapes or a ... with your cheese?

2. A. I got so ... in the history lecture I fell asleep.

B. There will be a ... meeting tomorrow.

3. A. Sorry I'm late; I went ... my bus stop

B. He ... his driving test the second time he took it.

4. A. His relationship with his mother lies at the ... of his personality problems.

B. The police recommended an alternative ... to avoid heavy traffic.

5. A. In the US, you buy milk in..., in Britain, in pints.

B. She's got a new ... crystal watch.

(root, route; board, bored; pear, pair; quarts, quartz; passed, past)

UNIT 13. Фонетика: sounds [], [s], [z]

Словообразование: суффикс существительных -ity

Грамматика: пассивный залог (времена групп Continuous, Perfect)

Текст: «Jane's letter» (cont.)

13.1 Sound right

Listen and look. Pay attention to the difference in pronounciation of the sounds [], [s], [z]. [] as in theirs, [z] as in buzz, [s] as in bus.

I

A. What's that, Father?

B. It's a buzzer, Lesley.

A. What does the buzzer do, Father?

B. The bus conductor presses the buzzer, and then that stops the bus.

A. But doesn't the bus driver stop and start the bus?

B. Yes, he does.

A. But you said the buzzer stops the bus, Father.

B. Lesley, would you like these ... sweets?

II

A. The sun's fabulous! The sky's blue! This is the sort of weather for bathing, Daisy!

B. This is the sort of weather for sleeping for hours on these marvellous sands!

A. Oh, let's bathe!

B. Please go to sleep, Liz!

A. Lazy Daisy!

B. Busy Lizzie!

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

13.2 Word-building

Give Russian equivalents for the following nouns with the suffix -ity:

activity, reality, stability, responsibility, formality, cruelty, simplicity, humanity, seniority, popularity.

13.3 Full understanding

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:

problem, statistical, guarantee [], phenomenon [f'nmnn], conflict, propaganda, television, film, programme, scene [sn], administration, international.

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте, запомните:

New words:

to face -- сталкиваться (с проблемой)

to violate [valet] -- нарушать

violence -- насилие

violent -- насильственный

to rob -- грабить

neighbour ['neb] -- сосед

to kill -- убивать

to murder ['md] -- убивать

murderer [m'dr] -- убийца

possibility -- возможность

criminal -- преступник

burglary ['bl] -- кража со взломом

to watch TV -- смотреть телевизор

juvenile ['nal] -- несовершеннолетний

reason -- причина

School vocabulary:

to rise, dark, to buy, to get

Прочитайте и переведите:

Jane's letter (cont.)

«...One more thing I'm going to tell you concerns the problem which faces our society now. I mean the problem of violence. The latest statistical data says that violent crime is rising constantly in this country. I know about it not only by newspapers reports. I've been robbed twice already and I'm afraid to leave my flat when it becomes dark. But even staying at home isn't a guarantee for safety. My old neighbour had been killed in his own flat and as usual the murderers hadn't been found by the police. Violence has become an accepted way of life in America. There are different explanations for this phenomenon. One of them is the possibility to buy any kind of weapons at gun shops everywhere in the US. The weapon is being bought not only by criminals but by law-abiding citizens too to protect themselves.

The growth of using drugs is one more reason. To buy drugs teenagers need money, so they try to get it by robbing, committing burglary or even murdering people. Another reason is the propaganda of violence by mass media and especially television and films. Watching TV you are being fed with all kinds of killings, beatings, gunfights and so on. Even the special programmes for children are full of scenes of violence. And it's not surprising that juvenile crime record is constantly growing. I'm sorry I took so much of your time telling about my city and country, but I hope it was interesting for you. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. Please, give my best wishes to Pete.

Yours sincerely, Jane».

Петр составил несколько предложений с Passive Voice. Но он не уверен, как расположить их в таблице. Помогите ему.

1. The student is being examined. Don't enter the room.

2. The students are examined twice a year.

3. The paper was published yesterday.

4. The paper has been published already.

5. The paper had been published by 7 o'clock yesterday.

6. The paper was being published at this time yesterday.

7. The letter will be sent tomorrow.

8. The letter will have been sent tomorrow by 7 o'clock.

INDEFINITE CONTINUOUS PERFECT

Present __________________________

Past _____________________________

Future ____________________________

Предположим, что вы -- подозреваемый. Следователь обвиняет вас в некоторых действиях. Попытайтесь оправдаться. (Используйте Passive Voice.)

Model: I. You invited the man to the restaurant.

S. Oh, no, I was invited to the restaurant by him.

1. You've struck this man first.

2. You had robbed several persons before we arrested you.

3. You said: «I'll phone him at 5».

4. You were watching somebody when they met you.

5. You asked him to help you.

6. You always cheat people.

Петр столь усердно изучал пассивные формы глагола, что окончательно запутался. Глаголы никак не хотят становиться на свои законные места. Помогите Петру навести порядок.

Stamps

In 1840, Rowland Hill's Penny Stamp Act became law. Under this law, letters... for by weight. Previously, they... according to the distance or number of sheets. It also became compulsory to pay for postage in advance. This... before and often people had refused to pay for letters which ... to them. Stamps ... in 1840 as an easy way of checking that postage... As Britain was the first country to use stamps widely, the country's name... on them. However, the head of the ruling monarch appears on every stamp.

previously -- ранее

sheet -- лист

to refuse -- отказываться

to charge -- назначать цену

compulsory -- обязательно

to deliver -- вручать

(had been paid; had not been done; were paid; were introduced; had been charged; had refused; were delivered; was not written)

В письме Джейн есть несколько случаев употребления Passive Voice. Найдите их. Какая группа сделает это быстрее и лучше?

Скажите по-английски:

1. Все телеграммы отправлены? -- Нет еще, половина телеграмм отправлена вчера. Остальные, кроме трех, напечатаны. Последние сейчас печатают. Их напечатают минут через 20. 2. Не входите в комнату. Сейчас экзаменуют студента Петрова. Его экзаменуют уже 20 минут. 3. Что происходит в библиотеке? -- Там сейчас обсуждаются новые книги. Их обсуждают уже час. 4. Много домов было разрушено в Ростове во время войны. Все они восстановлены, и много новых строится сейчас. 5. Преподаватель попросил студента выучить это правило самостоятельно, так как оно уже было объяснено. «Вы были невнимательны, когда это правило объяснялось», -- сказал он.

В тексте вам встретились 3 слова с одним корнем: Violence, violent, violate. Придумайте предложения с этими словами.

На столе убитого человека была найдена шифрованная записка с именем убийцы. Вы сможете узнать это имя, если отгадаете следующие слова:

1, 2, 3-- deprive smb. of his property

4, 5, 6, 6 -- put to death

3, 7, 1, 8, 6, 9, 1, 10 -- crime of breaking into a house by night to steal

11,7, 12, 13, 14, 5, 6, 13 - young person, young offender

12, 5, 2, 6, 13, 14, 15, 13 - conduct accompanied by great force

16, 9, 17, 15, 18 - keep the eyes on

NOTE

12,13,1,14,2,14 3,1,5,9,14 -9,14,13, 5, 8, 18, 3, 2, 7, 1.

Петру предложили написать доклад о преступности в США. Какие ключевые слова понадобятся ему? Выпишите их.

Помогите Петру составить план его доклада.

Джейн упомянула несколько причин роста насилия в США. Перечислите их.

Петр только что закончил свой доклад и готов ответить на вопросы. Какие вопросы вы ему зададите?

Скажите по-английски:

1. Я столкнулся с некоторыми проблемами. 2. В американских газетах каждый день сообщается об актах насилия. 3. Ограбление произошло всего час назад. 4. Молодой человек был остановлен преступниками и ограблен. 5. У убийцы не было возможности скрыться. 6. Этот человек был убит вчера около 3 часов ночи.

13.4 Practice in communication

Read and try to remember:

Ways of giving sympathy and encouragement to someone.

A. I've failed my exams.

B. 1. I'm so sorry.

2. I'm sorry to hear that.

3. What a shame!

4. What bad luck!

5. Never mind!

6. Cheer up!

7. You mustn't worry (about it...)

8. It could be worse.

Tell your friends:

1. your car was stolen;

2. your house was burgled;

3. you've had your car licence endorsed;

4. your boy/girl friend has left you;

5. when you got to the airport your flight had been cancelled.

He/she will give sympathy and encouragement.

13.4.3. Read the dialogue and then dramatize it.

JOHN: I dare say you've heard about my breakdown on the motorway.

TOM: Yes. What bad luck! But cheer up! It could have been worse.

JOHN: Could it! They tell me it needs a new engine.

TOM: Oh, no! I am sorry. It'll cost you a fortune.

JOHN: Yes, over $500 I believe.

ТОМ: 500! Oh, that is bad luck. You poor chap.

JOHN: Still, as you say, it could have been a lot worse. I might have been killed.

TOM: Quite. It's not the end of the world. But I know how you feel. 500 is a lot of money.

A friend is speaking to you about a number of problems he has been having recently. Give him sympathy and encouragement.

13.5 General understanding

Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 13)

1. It was around midnight when the phone rang in Eric Masters' flat. The voice on the other end was hard and cold. «This is Hugo», it said. «There was an old blind man in the pub. He had a young woman with him. He asked about you and then went to your shop». Masters blinked in surprise. His voice cracked slightly. «But I don't know anybody like that. What did they want?» «How do I know, you fool? Just watch out for them, that's all!» Hugo said furiously and hung up. Masters slept very badly that night.

2. Eric Masters was cleaning an antique pistol when the phone rang in his shop. He heard a young woman's voice at the other end. «I believe you buy and sell antique weapons», she said. «Yes, that's right. I'm particularly interested in old firearms». «My father is too. He wants to sell some of 17-th century pistols. Would you be interested?» «Certainly. If you bring them to my shop, I'll look at them and give you a price». «Well, unfortunately my father's blind. It's very difficult for him to get about. Would you mind coming to our place?» Masters managed to answer calmly. «Well... er... my assistant is out to lunch. I'll come over when he comes back. Is that all right?» He noted the address she gave him and hung up. His hands were trembling slightly. «These must be the people Hugo told me about», he thought. He reached into a drawer and took out a pistol. This one was not an antique. It was a small, black, nasty-looking automatic. «Perhaps the old man really does want me to look at his pistols», he thought when he was getting into his white Jaguar and driving off.

3. He felt safer when Kate opened the door. She was slim, almost delicate-looking. «Good afternoon», he said. «I'm Eric Masters. You rang my shop earlier». She smiled. «I hope I haven't put you to any trouble», she said pleasantly, and led him into the sitting-room. Masters glanced suspiciously at the old, blind man sitting on the sofa. At first he seemed harmless enough, but there was something familiar about the man's face that made Masters look more carefully at him. «I'll go and get the pistols». Kate said. Masters stayed where he was, where he could see everything and where nobody could come in behind him. The old blind man didn't move. «Are you a collector too?» Masters asked. The old man simply nodded. The woman came out of the bedroom with a large black case. «They're all in here», she said. «If you come over here, to the table, we can look at them. My father doesn't really want anyone else to have them, but it's a question of money».

Masters kept his eyes fastened on the old man's face as he walked towards the table. He was halfway there when the old man raised his face slightly. The sudden movement made Masters stop. The more he looked at that face, the more suspicious he became. Suddenly it dawned on him. He stared at both of them. They were both waiting for him to come nearer. It was the old man's nose and lips that made Masters think of Coke. He reached for his pistol.

Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text.

1. Masters took a pistol with him because...

a) he was sure he was going to meet Coke;

b) he always had it with him;

c) he felt safer with it.

2. Masters looked more carefully at the man because...

a) he recognized Coke;

b) there was something familiar about the man's face;

c) he recognized his voice.

3. Masters stopped because...

a) there was a sudden movement of the old man;

b) he became very suspicious;

c) they were staring at him.

Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.)

1. What news did Hugo tell Masters?

2. What did the woman speaking over the phone want?

3. What did Eric promise?

4. What did he take out of a drawer?

5. What made Masters look more carefully at an old man?

6. What made Masters think of Coke?

Give the main idea of this part of the story in 2-3 sentences.

13.6 Scanning practice

Read the questions. Be sure you've got them well in mind.

1. Who was placed behind the doors?

2. What would happen if the door which concealed the tiger was opened?

3. What would happen if the door which concealed the lady was opened?

4. What was the princess" decision?

Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time.

The lady or the tiger?

Once a king had decreed that every person accused of crime should be placed in a large room, where, in the presence of the king and the court he is to open one of two doors which were exactly alike. Behind one door was a hungry, man-eating tiger and behind the other a beautiful lady, dressed as a bride. If he opened the door which concealed the tiger he was considered to be guilty and put to death, if he opened the door which concealed the lady, he was considered innocent and was immediately married to her. No previous ties were allowed to be an obstacle to marriage. The disposition of the lady and the tiger was, of course, a secret.

Now it happened that a young noble man who was rather poor won the love of the king's daughter; and being suspected by the king was imprisoned and brought to trial before two doors. The princess discovered behind which doors the lady and the tiger were to be placed. She didn't want, of course, her lover to be eaten by tiger, but she also didn't want him to become the husband of some other lady. At length her mind was made up. On the day of the trial she managed to signal her lover to open the right-hand door. This he immediately did. The author leaves the question to you: «Who came out of the opened door -- the lady or the tiger?»

(250 words)

Answer the questions in 13.6.1. (Books closed.)

13.7 Listening practice

Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after listening to the text:

1. When was the director attacked?

2. What are the police going to do?

3. Why was the director sure about the time?

4. Why couldn't he see the face of the attacker?

5. How did he break his leg?

Listen to the dialogue.

Answer the questions in 13.7.1.

Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the text.

pushchair -- тележка

pile -- кипа

security guard -- охранник

stuff -- засунуть

to be embarrassed -- чувствовать себя неловко

obviously -- очевидно

Listen to the story. Be ready to give the contents of it.

Tell the contents of the story as close to the text as possible.

13.8 Time for fun

Read the following newspaper stories. Try to retell them. You may do it in Russian.

1. Swallowed watch “Not returned”

A schoolgirl of 13, accused of stealing a wristwatch was said yesterday at Castle Eden juvenile court to have swallowed it accidentally when a teacher made inquiries. Hospital x-rays showed it inside her but later there was no sign of the watch and it had not been returned. The girl was put on one year's probation and was ordered to pay compensation.

2. Stole bottle of wine -- gets seven years

After pleading guilty to stealing a bottle of wine, Robert Grook, 72, of no fixed address, was yesterday sentenced by the chairman of a London court to 7 years of confinement.

The prosecutor said it was obvious that Grook broke a window with the intention of being arrested. He said the prisoner had not eaten for a week.

Police said that Grook had 57 previous convictions, and when he broke the window he had been out of prison for only six days.

3. Twelve old ladies arrested for gambling

Police caught 12 old ladies - the oldest was 87 -playing cards in a house, in one of the Hague's most respectable districts.

All 12 were arrested, as gambling is illegal in Holland. Police said the stakes were high and they seized several thousand guilders. (A guilder is worth almost two shillings.)

What is the longest English word?

UNIT 14. Фонетика: sounds [], [d], [], [z]

Словообразование: сложные прилагательные типа judgemade

Грамматика: выделительный оборот It is ... that; сравнительная конструкция the ... the

Текст: «Steve tells about English system of law»

14.1 Sound right

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the difference between the sounds [6] and [d] (as in «their» and as in «dare».)

I

A. May we play in the mud. Mother?

B. Don't you dare play there!

A. Father doesn't mind if we play in the mud,

Mother. B. Father doesn't wash the dirty clothes, dear.

II

A. I'm the daughter. Then there's Father and

Mother and my two brothers. B. I'll write that down. A. And then there's Dennis, Doctor. B. Dennis?

A. Dennis is the dog. B. Oh, the dog.

A. That's D-E-N-N-I-S! Dennis, Doctor.

B. Dennis -- yes, I've got that down. Er ... now ... emm.

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the difference between the sounds. ([] as in measure, [] as in rather, [z] as in does)

I

A. But how can you measure pleasure?

B. You can measure anything.

A. But pleasure's ... immeasurable.

B. It's not immeasurable.

A. And if it were measurable than it wouldn't be half so pleasurable.

II

A. Who's that, over there?

B. Oh, that's Sir Basil. He's the Club Treasurer.

A. I see.

B. He's come to watch television.

A. And does Sir Basil always sleep when television's on?

B. Usually he does.

A. Ah.

B. And occasionally he snores. Rather noisily.

A. Yes.

B. As you must have noticed.

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

14.2 Word-building

(Compound adjectives)

Translate the following compound adjectives:

tobacco-stained fingers, a linoleum-covered floor, university-trained engineers, a hand-written note, a tailor-made suit, lamp-lit pavements, windblown leaves, carpet-covered floor, a dog-bitten boy.

Make compound adjectives according to the following word combinations. Translate them.

covered with clouds, painted by hand, fed with milk, shaded with trees, made by machine, filled with water, driven by wind, educated at Harvard.

Translate into Russian:

1. Her hands were work-reddened. 2. A dust-and-mud-stained car was parked beside a store. 3. The two women didn't seem troubled by her tear-stained face. 4. He looked up at the glass-enclosed balcony. 5. The convoy was composed of five American-made army trucks.

14.3 Full understanding

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:

professional statute ['sttjt], precedent [presdnt], process ['prouses], analogy ['nl], scheme [skm], magistrate ['mstret], appeal, central, final [fanl], appellate ['pelt].

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте, запомните:

New words:

to do everything possible -- сделать все возможное

judicial ['dl] -- судебный

civil law -- гражданское право

criminal law -- уголовное право

common law -- общее право

judgement -- судебное решение

to draw -- рисовать

to try -- разбирать в судебном порядке

lay -- непрофессионал

justice of the peace -- мировой судья

county -- графство

crown -- королевский

accused ['kjzd] -- обвиняемый

trial [tral] -- судебное разбирательство

jury [ur] -- присяжные

Geographical and proper names:

United Kingdom, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Old Bailey, High Court, Court of Appeal.

School vocabulary:

to remember, word, March, to listen to, case, to mean, way, to sit, main, early.

Прочитайте и переведите:

Steve tells about English system of law

Do you remember that Steve promised Pete to come to Rostov? Steve's the man of his word. It was by the end of March when Steve had arrived in Rostov and he had only a few days at his disposal. Pete and Nell did everything possible to show him the sights of Rostov. «The more I see your city the more I like it». -- Steve used to say. And in the evening they were having long and interesting talks. In their talks they often touched their professional subjects. And the longer they talked the more things they wanted to discuss. One of these evenings Steve told them about English law and English judicial system. Would you like to listen to his story?

There are three separate systems of law in the United Kingdom: the legal systems and law courts of 1. England and Wales; 2. Scotland; 3. Northern Ireland. However, there are some common features to all systems in the United Kingdom: the sources of law, the distinction between civil law and criminal law. The sources of law include: 1. written law (i. e. statutes); 2. unwritten law (i. e. Common law and Equity) based on judicial precedent. We also call the common law as «case law» or «judge-made» law. It means that when one judge had decided a point of law, any judge who has the similar set of facts must decide the case in the same way as in the earlier judgement. In other words, the judge uses the process of analogy. And it is in this way that the generations of judges have built up the Common law. The structure of courts in England and Wales looks like this. (And Steve drew such scheme of court system.)

HOUSE OF LORDS

COURT OF APPEAL COURT OF APPEAL

CRIMINAL CIVIL DIVISION

CROWN COURTS HIGH COURT

Judge 1--3 judges

2 Magistrates COUNTY COURT

Jury Judge and Jury

MAGISTRATES' COURT MAGISTRATES' COURT

3 Magistrates or 3 Magistrates

1 Stipendiary Magistrate

Criminal Civil

It is the Magistrates' Courts (sometimes called police courts) that try the majority of all criminal cases and some civil cases. Magistrates' courts are presided over by lay magistrates (also called justices of the peace -- J.P.s)who work part-time and are unpaid. The courts consist of between 2 and 7 magistrates. In a few large cities there are also stipendiary magistrates who sit alone and have legal training. County courts are the main civil courts and the Crown Court deals with all the more serious criminal cases. It also hears appeals from magistrates' courts. The accused has the right to trial by jury. There is the Central Criminal Court in London (the Old Bailey). The High Court hears all those civil cases that cannot be decided by county courts. The Court of Appeal hears both criminal and civil appeals and the House of Lords is the final appellate tribunal. The judges in the House of Lords are the ten «Lords of Appeal in Ordinary» (the «law lords»).

Предположим, что вы -- следователь. Утверждения подозреваемого не согласуются с фактами, имеющимися в вашем распоряжении. Уличите его, сообщая ему эти факты. (Используйте конструкцию «It is ... that ...».)

Model: S. I came home at 10.

I. It was at 11.30 when you came.

1. I met her yesterday at that time.

2. I was at home at that time.

3. First I went to the cinema.

4. I usually take 6.30 train.

5. I think I saw John there.

6. I'm to meet him tomorrow at 6.

7. I only took 10 roubles.

8. Tommy told me about this flat.

В тексте есть несколько предложений с конструкцией «It is ... that». Найдите их и переведите.

Используя усилительную конструкцию, охарактеризуйте в 2-3 предложениях вашего партнера. Model: It's the sweets that she likes most of all.

Нелли не очень хорошо поняла рассказ Стива. Пытаясь пересказать его своим коллегам на работе, она сделала несколько ошибок. Поправьте ее ошибочные утверждения с помощью конструкции «It is ... that ...».

1. Written law is the only source of English law.

2. The English judges only use statutes in trying cases.

3. The High Court tries the majority of all criminal cases.

4. There are stipendiary magistrates everywhere in England.

5. County Courts are the main criminal courts.

Скажите по-английски. (Используйте конструкцию «It is ... that ...».)

1. Только в марте я вспомнил о своем обещании. 2. Именно это судебное решение было для него главным. 3. Суд короны рассматривает в основном серьезные уголовные дела. 4. Именно общее право является одним из главных источников английского права. 5. Именно мировые судьи рассматривают большинство уголовных и некоторые гражданские дела. 6. Именно защитник сделал все возможное, чтобы выяснить всю правду об обвиняемом.

В тексте есть несколько предложений со сравнительной конструкцией «the...the...». Найдите их и переведите.

Предположим, что вас просят охарактеризовать студентов вашей группы. Попытайтесь сделать это, используя конструкцию «the ... the».

Вы не соглашаетесь с утверждением вашего преподавателя. Не забывайте начинать ваше возражение со слов «I'm sorry you are wrong», «I can't agree with you».

1. The harder you work the less you know.

2. The more you eat the thinner you grow.

3. The less you walk the healthier you are.

4. The more you speak English the worse you know it.

5. The better the weather the worse your mood is.

6. The longer you stay after classes the luckier you feel.

Скажите по-английски:

1. Чем больше я его слушаю, тем больше мне нравится его лекция. 2. Чем раньше ты придешь, тем лучше. 3. Чем лучше ты нарисуешь схему, тем лучше я пойму тебя. 4. Чем скорее закончится этот процесс, тем лучше. 5. Чем выше суд, тем более серьезные апелляции он рассматривает. 6. Чем лучше подготовка судей, тем меньше ошибок они допускают.

Какая группа сочинит лучший рассказ? Используйте новые слова. Время -- 5 мин.

Соотнесите названия судов (слева) и их юрисдикцию (справа)

1. Magistrates' a) hears all civil cases that cannot be

Courts decided by county courts;

2. County Courts b) is the final appellate tribunal;

3. Crown Courts c) the main civil courts;

4. High Court d) try the majority of all criminal ca-

5. Court of Appeal ses and some civil cases;

6. House of Lords e) hears both criminal and civil appeals;

f) deals with all the more serious criminal cases.

Петр уверен, что нет разницы между понятиями «justice of the peace» и «stipendiary magistrates». А как вы думаете?

Некоторые наши студенты не могут понять, что означает рассмотрение судебных дел по аналогии. Помогите им и объясните, что это такое.

Предположим, что вас попросили рассказать об английской судебной системе. Но у вас есть только схема. Достаточно ли вам будет только схемы для вашего рассказа?

Когда Стив рассказывал свою историю, он пользовался планом, хотя он никому его не показывал. Мы уверены, что вы сможете воссоздать его план.

14.4 Practice in communication

(Belief and Disbelief)

Read and try to remember:

Belief Disbelief

I can quite (well) easily I don't/can't believe it.

believe it/that. It can't be true.

(Of course) I believe it. Surely not!

You can't expect me to believe

that.

You must be joking.

You are not serious.

Express belief or disbelief in the following statements:

1. I speak ten languages fluently.

2. I've never told a lie in my life.

3. I never get up late.

4. I haven't got any money.

5. I love you.

Someone makes these statements. You express belief or disbelief.

Read the following dialogue and then try to dramatize it.

A. We scored six goals.

B. Sure.ly not!

A. And I scored three of them.

B. You are not serious.

A. We had extra time of course.

B. I can quite believe that.

Complete the following dialogue as you wish using some of the expressions you have learned.

A. I only need four hours sleep.

B. ...

A. Sometimes even less.

B. ...

A. The less I sleep the better I feel.

B. ...

A. And the more I sleep the less I work.

B. ...

14.5 General understanding

Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 14)

1. When Masters pulled out the automatic, Kate was standing between him and Coke. She could see that he was almost hysterical and was probably going to shoot.

«It's you, Coke!» he burst out and came nearer. Kate was standing in his way now and he put out a hand to push her away. Coke could hardly believe his eyes. One moment Masters was pointing a pistol at him and the next he was lying on the floor; gasping for breath. Kate had thrown him over her shoulder. «I once played a policewoman in a film and I had to learn some judo», she said rather casually and looked down at Masters.

2. Masters groaned. He, too, could hardly believe what had happened. It all seemed incredible. He shook his head. He decided that it was probably a nightmare, a horrible dream. «And now that you're here, perhaps you wouldn't mind answering some questions». Coke said. Masters groaned again. «Questions? What questions?» he mumbled. «I want you to tell me everything that happened that evening you sent me to Epping Forest», Coke said in a low voice. Masters now realised that it was not a dream. «I don't know what you are talking about», Masters answered. «I think you do», Coke said. «You can't make me tell you anything!» Masters waited to see what Coke was going to do next. He couldn't take his eyes off the automatic in Coke's hands. «I'll give you five seconds to begin answering my questions. Then I'll shoot», Coke answered and pulled back the safety-catch. The pistol was now ready to fire. Then he began counting.

3. «But I know nothing!» Masters protested. Coke had already raised the pistol and simply said, «One!» Masters said nothing. «Two!» Coke brought the pistol nearer. «You can't frighten me!» Masters shouted. «Three!» Masters saw Coke had already taken aim. «How can I tell you something I don't know?» Masters demanded. «Four». Masters watched Coke's finger beginning to press the trigger. «All right, all right, I'll tell you anything you want, but for God's sake, put the pistol down!» Masters gasped.

Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text.

1. Kate managed to throw Masters down because...

a) she was very strong;

b) she learned judo;

c) Coke helped her.

2. Coke wanted to know...

a) why Masters had a pistol;

b) why Masters had come;

с) why Masters had sent him to Epping Forest.

3. Masters agreed to tell everything because...

a) Coke was going to shoot;

b) he knew something;

c) Coke told him to do it.

Answer the teacher's questions.

1. What could Kate see?

2. What did she do?

...