Английский язык для юристов

prisoner's box -- место обвиняемого

jury box -- места присяжных

indictment [n'datmnt] -- обвинительный акт

to take an oath [ou] -- давать клятву

testimony ['testmn] -- свидетельские показания

to introduce -- (зд.) представлять

to prove [prv] -- доказывать

death [de] -- смерть

to cause [kz] -- вызывать, быть причиной

will (n.) -- завещание

cross-examination-- перекрестный допрос

silly-- глупый

to preside -- председательствовать

School vocabulary:

night, dead, head, October, heavy, to find.

Прочитайте и переведите:

Pete and Nell go to the pictures

One day Pete phoned Nell and invited her to the pictures. «What film are we going to see?» -- she asked. «Oh, it's the one based on the famous Agatha Christie's novel «Witness for the prosecution». «OK, We'll meet near the cinema at 7».

And would you like to join them and see the film? I'm sure you would. So here are some scenes from the script of the film.

Scene I

(The office of Sir Wilfred, one of the finest and most experienced barristers in London. Leonard Vole, a handsome young man of about thirty and Mr Mayherne, his solicitor come to the office. Mr Mayherne urges Sir Wilfred to take the case of Leonard Vole, who may be arrested any minute on the charge of murdering Mrs Emily French. Mrs French, a wealthy widow, was murdered two days ago. She left 80,000 to Leonard Vole, who had visited Mrs French earlier in the evening on the night of the murder).

MAYHERNE: It's the case of Mrs Emily French. You've probably seen the reports in the press. When the housekeeper returned from her day off, she found her mistress dead, struck on the back of the head and killed.

SIR WILFRED: I see.

MAYHERNE: I'm sure Vole is harmless chap caught in the web of circumstancial evidence.

VOLE: I haven't murdered anybody. It's absurd! But my wife Christine thought I might need a lawyer. That's why I went to see Mr Mayherne. But now I have two lawyers. It's rather silly, don't you think?

MAYHERNE: Vole, I am a solicitor. Sir Wilfred is a barrister. Only a barrister can plead a case in court. Mr Vole, isn't it obvious to you that you will be regarded as the principal suspect in this case? I'm very much afraid you'll be arrested.

Scene II

(Mr Vole is arrested and now he's in the prisoner's box in one of the courtrooms of the Old Bailey. It is the first day of Vole's trial. The court is in session. The judge is presiding. The jury, consisting of nine men and three women are in the jury box. The counsels for the Prosecution and Defence are in their seats.)

COURT CLERK: Leonard Stephen Vole, you are charged on indictment that you on the 14-th day of October in the County of London murdered Emily Jane French. How say you, Leonard Stephen Vole, are you guilty or not guilty?

VOLE: Not guilty.

JUDGE: Members of the jury, by the oath you have just taken you swore to try this case on the evidence. (To the prosecutor.) You may proceed for the prosecution, Mr Myers.

MYERS (rising): The facts in this case are simple. You will hear how the prisoner made the acquaintance of Mrs Emily French, a woman of 56, how he was treated by her with kindness. Medical testimony will be introduced to prove that death was caused by a blow from a blunt and heavy instrument and it is the case for the Prosecution* that the blow was made by the prisoner Leonard Vole!

VOLE: That's not true! I didn't do it!

MYERS: Among the witnesses you will hear police evidence, also the one of Mrs French's houskeeper Janet Mackenzie, and from the medical and laboratory experts, and the evidence of the murdered woman's solicitor, who drew up her final will.

(The prosecutor proceeds with examination of his witnesses, but cross-examination by Sir Wilfred makes their evidence look rather weak.)

(You'll read the end of the story in the next Unit.)

1. It is the case for the Prosecution -- (зд.) обвинение утверждает.

В тексте есть 20 слов, оканчивающихся на -ed.

Можете ли вы определить, в какую группу из 4 групп поместить эти слова?

1 2 3 4

Past Indefinite Perfect Forms Passive Forms Participle II

Петр затрудняется в определении форм с суффиксом -ed. Ему дали несколько предложений с такими словами и, когда он пытался распределить их по группам (см. п. 17.3.4), он сделал несколько ошибок. Помогите ему.

1 2

a) The USA has lost the in- a) The man has created the

dustrial dominance it en- new unusual robot.

joyed after World War II.

b) Senator Brown's bill

hasn't been adopted.

3 4

a) The programme adopted a) The revolution abolished

by Parliament was a new the landlord system and

stage in the development handed over all the land

of the country. to the peasants.

b) New branches of nation- b) When invited, he always

al economy have been agrees to come.

created in developing

countries.

Скажите по-английски:

1. Опытный юрист был приглашен защищать дело в суде. 2. Он доказал, что беспокойство, причиненное соседям, было не столь уж велико. 3. Когда его арестовали, он попросил адвоката. 4. Смерть наступила (была вызвана) в результате удара тупым и тяжелым предметом. 5. Суд под председательством главного судьи продолжил работу. 6. С заключенным обращались очень сурово.

В тексте вам встретилось несколько раз слово «one» в разных значениях, в частности, когда оно выполняло функцию заменителя существительного. Найдите слова «one» в этой функции.

Петр утверждает, что в следующих предложениях слово «one» только дважды выступает в роли заменителя существительного. Вы согласны с ним? Определите другие функции слова «one» в этих предложениях.

1. One might say that at the end of World War II the United States was the only strong capitalist country with most of the gold reserves.

2. The problems of the defence in this case are big ones.

3. One cannot exclude the possibility that they will use their missiles deployed on other countries' territory to deliver the first nuclear strike.

4. In this colonial country there were no industries except for a few unimportant local ones.

Предположим, что вы очень заняты и не можете тратить время на разыскивание кое-каких необходимых вам предметов. Попросите вашего друга помочь вам. Используйте диалог-модель и слова в скобках.

Model:

MAN: Give me a book please, Jane.

WOMAN: Which book? This one?

MAN: No, not that one. The red one.

WOMAN: This one?

MAN: Yes, please.

WOMAN: Here you are.

MAN: Thank you.

(NOUNS: bottle, box, cup, fork, knife, spoon, glass. ADJECTIVES: blunt, empty, full, large, sharp, etc.)

Какая группа составит больше предложений со словом «one» за 5 мин?

Перед вами еще одно секретное послание агента своему боссу. Попытайтесь расшифровать его.

4,12,5 4,16,1,11,14 13,1,14,14 15,5,21,1,2 4,8,7,8,16,16,8,13 1 11,7 11,20,16,11,1,10 7,9 21,17,1,14,4 13,1,14,14 15,5 18,16,8,3,5,10 1 10,8 2,8,4 6,5,5 4,12,5 13,11,9 8,17,4

1,2,3,1,4,5 -- ask smb. to come somewhere

4,5,6,4,1,7,8,2,9 - declaration that smth. is true

10,5,11,4,12 - ending of life

13,1,14,14-- statement in writing saying how smb. wishes his property to be distributed after his death

14,1 1,15,8,16,11,4,8,16,9 - room or building used for scientific experiments

6,17,6,18,5,19,4 -- person who may be guilty

20,1,2,10 -- get or discover after search

19,12,11,16,21,5 - accusation

В то время, когда Нелли и Петр смотрели фильм, что-то случилось со звуком. Зрители слышали только начало нескольких фраз. Помогите им и закончите фразы. Не смотрите в сценарий!

1. Vole is a harmless chap caught in the web of ...

2. Only a barrister can...

3. How say you, Leonard Stephen Vole, are you...

4. Members of the jury, you swore...

5. Medical testimony will be introduced...

Петру так понравился фильм, что он решил пересказать его содержание своим друзьям, но, кажется, кое-что перепутал. Найдите ошибки в его рассказе.

Leonard Vole with his barrister came to the solicitor and asked him to help him in his case. He had visited an old woman who was found murdered soon after his visit. She had left much money to him. He is regarded to be the murderer and is arrested. At the trial he pleads guilty. The prosecuting counsel says that the murdered woman Mrs French was treated by Vole with kindness. He also mentions that the death was caused by a blow of a sharp knife. He examines his witnesses. Sir Wilfred makes his cross-examinations but without any success.

Когда коллеги Нелли узнали, что она видела фильм «Свидетель обвинения», они засыпали ее вопросами об этом фильме. Предположите, что кто-нибудь из вас -- Нелли, а все остальные -- ее коллеги. Какие бы вопросы вы ей задали? Пусть она постарается ответить на них.

Вы решили поставить первую часть «Свидетеля обвинения». Но прежде чем взяться за постановку, необходимо выделить основные события, происходящие в этой части. Попробуйте сделать это сейчас.

А теперь распределите роли и попытайтесь представить свой вариант «Свидетеля обвинения». Работайте группами.

Скажите по-английски:

1. Он признал себя виновным. 2. Его судили за убийство. 3. Он был первым свидетелем, который дал показания. 4. Их судили по обвинению в краже со взломом. 5. Последний свидетель представил только косвенные улики преступления. 6. Он попытался доказать, что смерть была вызвана не его действиями. 7. Он был обвинен по обвинительному акту об убийстве. 8. На перекрестном допросе было доказано, что завещание было составлено под давлением со стороны обвиняемого.

17.4 Practice in communication

(Interrogation)

Here are some questions which can be asked at the Customs Office. Read them and try to remember:

1. Where are you travelling?

2. Why are you going there?

3. How long are you going for?

4. How much money are you taking?

5. Who are you travelling with?

6. Whose luggage is this?

7. What have you got to declare?

8. Have you got anything to declare?

Read the dialogue and then dramatize it. Mr. Brown was stopped by the police because he was driving too fast on a London road.

POLICE: Why didn't you stop when we first signalled?

DRIVER: Did you signal more than once, then?

POLICE: What do you think? Of course we did. Only you didn't see us because you were speeding. That's why.

DRIVER: Was I? I'm sorry about that. What's the speed limit on this road?

POLICE: Don't you know? 60 kph.

DRIVER: Was I doing more than that, then?

POLICE: What do you think? Of course you were. You were doing more than 80 kph.

DRIVER: Was I? I'm sorry about that.

POLICE: I'm afraid I shall have to charge you with an offence under the Road Traf fic Act.

DRIVER: Will I have to pay a fine? Will I have my licence endorsed?

POLICE: That's for the Court to decide.

Note: 60 kph -- kilometers per hour -- (столько-то) километров в час

The Magistrate questions Mr Brown at Court. He asks him:

1. what his name/address is;

2. if he is the owner of a vehicle, registration number NLD 782K;

3. if he was driving at 80 kph on the night of 9 April 19... down Lyndale Avenue;

4. whether he has anything to say in his own defence.

17.5 General understanding

Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 17)

1. Once, a long time ago, someone had told him that an Army training was useful in many ways. Coke knew now that that was true. There was a drainpipe at the back of the garage that led to the roof, and Coke managed to climb up it. He had often done such things in the army.

There was a window in the roof, or a sky-light, as it is called. It was closed but not locked. Coke managed to get it open and peered down into the dark garage below. There was a lorry parked almost directly underneath. He jumped down onto it. It was completely dark inside the garage itself.

«Masters told me the secrets were kept in the office, but where's the office?» he wondered. Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realised he was not alone in the garage.

2. Before he could turn around, someone grabbed him from behind and someone else shone a powerful light into his eyes. He was blinded. Then there was an explosion of pain in his head. He realised, just before he lost consciousness, that what had happened in Epping Forest was happening to him all over again.

When he came to again, he was lying on the floor of the garage. It was at least an hour later. He heard loud voices. When he opened his eyes, he saw Kate tied to a chair. Four men were standing above him. One of them was Masters, looking pale and frightened. He was listening to a short blond man. Coke knew it must be Hugo himself. Hugo was shouting.

«I told you you were a fool... and idiot! Do you believe me now?» he demanded. Masters tried to say something but could not. Hugo slapped him across the face. «I asked you if you believed me now?» he shouted.

3. «But... but Hugo. PI ... please listen to me!» Masters stammered. «I told you someone had phoned me and had asked me to look at some pistols! I told you it was an old, blind man but you said there was nothing to worry about!» Masters said.

«No, I didn't. I asked you what you wanted me to do about it, you idiot!» Hugo roared. Suddenly, one of

the other men interrupted. «What did you say we were going to do with the girl and Coke?» he asked.

«I said we were going to kill them! And I said we were going to do the job properly this time!» Hugo answered.

17.5.2. Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text.

1. Coke managed to get into the garage because...

a) there was a drainpipe at the back of the garage;

b) there was a sky-light which was not locked;

c) there was a lorry beneath.

2. When he came to himself he saw:

a) Masters shouting at a short blond man;

b) short man shouting at Kate;

c) short man crying at Masters.

3. Hugo said that they were going...

a) to kill Coke and Kate;

b) to kill Coke and Masters;

c) to beat the girl and Coke.

Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.)

1. How did Coke manage to get into the garage?

2. What happened to him there?

3. What did he see when he came to himself?

4. What was Hugo going to do with Coke and Kate?

Try to tell the main events of this extract in 3-4 sentences.

17.6 Scanning practice

Read the questions. Be sure you've got them in mind.

1. What is a barrister according to Mr Staughton?

2. What does the phrase «With respect» really mean?

3. What does the judge want?

4. What does the judge say about some words?

Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time.

Judge's «respectful» plea for plainer English

A barrister is a man born with a silver spoon in his mouth in place of a tongue. Or so it would appear to Mr Justice Staughton, a judge in the Commercial Court.

The learned judge has become irritated at the linguistic duplicity of counsel, and the way in which they use archaic words to camouflage what is at bottom, an insult.

Writing in the current edition of the quarterly legal journal «Counsel», a learned magazine read by upper echelons of the legal profession, the judge tells about barristers who preface a statement to him with the phrase «With respect». What that really means, says the judge, is «you are wrong».

A statement prefaced with the words «With great respect» means «you are utterly wrong». And if a barrister produces the ultimate weapon of «With utmost respect» he is really saying to the court, «Send for the men in white coats».

The judge wants more plain English used in courts, and less of the legal language of the obscure past, some of which he says has been «obsolete» in ordinary speech almost since the Bible.

Words like «humbly» and «respectfully» are not only unnecessary in written legal documents, they are generally untruthful in oral argument, says the judge with utmost respect.

Judges themselves are, of course, not entirely free of guilt in the matter of exchanges which are not very understandable.

As the courtroom clock moves towards 1 pm, counsel might say: «It might be of value to your Lordship if I were to inform you at this juncture that I have several more questions to ask of to this witness which would take some little while». The judge will reply: «This seems a useful time to adjourn». What they really mean is lunch.

Answer the questions in 17.6.1. (Books closed.)

17.7 Listening practice

Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after reading the text.

1. When did they have school?

2. When did Herbert Berk become politician?

3. What is James Steven?

4. Where is he now?

5. What did Charlie Philipps give to Mary Foot when they left school?

6. When did they get married?

7. Where did they move to?

Listen to the story.

Answer the questions in 17.7.1.

Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the text. twin -- близнец

diverge -- отличаться adolescence -- юность adulthood -- взрослость strive -- бороться compliment -- дополнять clash -- сталкивать sheer -- простой deliberately -- специально quirk -- причуда

Listen to the story. Be ready to give the contents of it.

Tell the contents of the story as close to the text as possible.

17.8 Time for fun

Read and translate the following joke:

The excessive bill

Once a man received an exorbitant bill for legal services. He considered the amount excessive, so he went right to the lawyer's office. The conversation went like this:

Client: Is this really my bill?

Lawyer: Isn't this your name on the bill?

C.: Yes.

L.: Who handled it?

C.: One of your secretaries. The tall one with blonde hair and...

L.: Yes, yes. Miss Thompson. She's very accurate. There's no doubt that the bill is correct.

C.: But this is too much for the service I received from your office. I didn't even have the professional services of a real lawyer.

L.: That doesn't have anything to do with it. Here the charge is the same, whether I do the work personally or a secretary takes care of a routine matter such as yours.

C.: But... but it's too much!

L.: Sir, you take care of your business and I'll take care of mine!

C.: Obviously you don't know who I am!

L.: And who are you, sir?

C.: Now I understand this exorbitant bill.

L.: What do you mean?

C.: Simply that I belong to the same profession as you do.

L.: Oh, well! Then there was an oversight. My secretary didn't make a note of that fact. I'm very sorry

about the mistake.

C.: Oh, that's all right. It could happen to anyone.

L.: So you're a member of my profession, eh? Well, in that case, I'll give you a discount of seventy-five

percent.

C.: That's better! Now that bill is for a reasonable sum, I'll pay it right away. Here's the money.

L.: Thank you very much. I hope that you'll forgive this mistake.

C.: Naturally. After taking the money, the lawyer sees his client to the door with great respect and courtesy, and says:

L.: But tell me, friend, where is your office?

C.: Oh, I don't have an office.

L.: But you just told me that you had the same profession as I do.

C.: Yes, I did. I'm a thief too!

Can you complete each sentence in the first list with the appropriate phrase from the second?

1. The telephone operator A. lack of hard work

put through B. by their younger brothers

2. I have out by or sisters

3. She was dreadfully put C. his shoulder, playing

out Rugby

4. If it rains we shall D. enough money for a win-

have to put off ter holiday

5. How can you put up E. your address before I

with forget it

6. George has put out F. the barbecue in the gar-

7. I must put down den tonight

8. We would be happy to G. the noise and fumes of

put you up town life

9. We put his failure H. I shall stop smoking

down to I. by his unkind remarks

10. If cigarettes are put up J. if you would like to stay

11. Older children are the night

often put upon K. a warm jumper and hea-

12. When he began to vy coat

shiver he decided to L. the call from London

put on

UNIT 18. Фонетика: sounds [b], [p]

Словообразование: сложные существительные типа witness-box

Грамматика: придаточные подлежащие, придаточные сказуемые

Текст: «Pete and Nell go to the pictures» (cont.)

18.1 Sound right

Listen, look, say:

beauty ebb sobbed sublet breath

boom cab obtain sublime bring

box rib rub down sublibrarian bride

boast sob club Dan Bob likes broom

ball rub rob Peter Hob looks brown

best lab globe trotter rub Lester bright

Listen, look, say:

1. A bad job.

2. A bad blunder.

3. The biter's bit.

4. Ben's as bold as brass.

5. Bob is a big bug.

6. Bel has a bee in her bonnet.

7. Bab lives at the back of beyond.

8. Don't be a busybody, baby.

9. Bram broke the back of the business.

10. Bee is a bread-and-butter miss.

11. Bob was black-balled.

Listen and look. Pay attention to the difference between the sounds [p] and [b]

I

A. You can't keep a pet in these apartments.

В. Can't I keep a puppy?

A. You can't keep a pet in these apartments.

B. Or a kitten, perhaps.

A. You can't keep a pet in these apartments.

B. You ought to keep a pet yourself, you know.

A. You can't keep a pet in these apartments.

B. Why not try a parrot, for instance?

II

A. When the rain stops, you'll see how beautiful the beach is.

B. But the rain's been pouring down for two days! We've both caught cold. Let's pack our bags and go back to town.

A. The bedroom is a bit damp, yes. But it's better than a tent. You wanted to go camping, remember?

B. You're impossible, Tom!

A. Well, you did! You wanted to sleep in a tent! Oh, all right. Let's pack.

III

A. Was it a good game?

B. It was a terrible game.

A. You had a good day for it.

B. A beautiful day.

A. Did Tom score?

B. He scored twice.

A. And you?

B. Now, where did I put that can of beer?

A. Did you score?

B. Oh, got it.

A. Perhaps next time.

B. Hm.

IV

A. How d'you do? I'm Parker.

B. How d'you do, Barker.

A. Parker.

B. Oh, Parker, with a «p».

A. With a «p», yes.

B. Er... I'm Barker. A Barker with a «B», of course.

В. А «В».

Yes.

A. Ah.

B. Mm.

A. Er ... well, goodbye. Barker.

B. Goodbye, Parker.

Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation.

Read the dialogues in pairs.

Try to read the tongue-twister as fast as you can:

A big blue bucket of blue blueberries.

18.2 Word-building

(Compound nouns)

Translate the following compound nouns:

moonlight, bookshop, brainwork, furcap, bedtime, tabletalk, dogshow, housemaid, teargas, cloakroom, snowstorm, thunderstorm, glasswork, flower bed, folk-dance.

18.3 Full understanding

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:

to address [d'res], ceremony ['sermn], to qualify ['kwlfa], extraordinary [kst'rdnr], alibi [lba].

Proper names: Mr. Myers ['maz], Germany.

Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте, запомните:

New words:

witness-box -- место для дачи показаний

objection -- возражение

accomplice ['kmpls] -- соучастник

to testify ['testfa] -- свидетельствовать

to solve -- решать, разрешать

suspect -- подозревать

to be free -- быть свободным

to bring a verdict -- вынести вердикт

to release [rl's] -- освобождать

innocent ['nsnt] -- невиновный

perjury ['рr] -- лжесвидетельство

to care -- заботиться

to exhibit ['zbt] -- выставлять

to execute ['ekskjt] -- казнить

marriage -- брак

School vocabulary:

to enter, husband, coat, to open, to depend on, idea, to understand, to run.

Прочитайте и переведите:

Pete and Nell go to the pictures (cont.)

Scene III

(The third day of the Vole trial. Mr. Myers, the Counsel for the prosecution is calling his surprise witness, Christine Helm. Christine Vole enters the courtroom. Looking straight in front of her she goes to the witness-box.)

Christine: (reading the oath): I swear by Almighty God1 that evidence I shall give shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.

Sir Wilfred (addressing the judge): My Lord2, I have the most serious objection to this witness. The thing is that she is the wife of the prisoner Leonard Vole!

Myers: My Lord, I call my learned friend's attention to the fact that I summoned not Mrs Vole but Mrs Helm. (To Christine) Are you actually Mr. Vole's wife?

Christine: No, I went through a marriage ceremony with him in Hamburg, but I already had a husband. He is still alive.

Vole: Christine! That's not true! What she says is unbelievable!

Judge: I don't see any reason why this witness should not be qualified to give evidence.

Myers: Mrs. Helm, did Leonard Vole on the night of the murder return home at 25 past 9 as you had stated to the police?

Christine: No, he returned at ten past ten. This is when he returned? He was breathing hard, very excited. He threw off his coat and examined the sleeves. They had blood on them. He said: «I've killed her».

Vole: Christine! Why are you lying?

Judge: I must have silence!

Christine: I cannot go on lying to save him! I said to the police what he wanted me to say because I'm grateful to him. But I cannot come into the court and swear that he was with me. I don't want to be an accomplice to the murder!

Scene IV

(In Sir Wilfred's study. Sir Wilfred thinks that the evidence given by Christine Helm produced a great impression on the jurors. One question is still puzzling him -- what made Christine testify against her husband? Suddenly his telephone rings. He hears a woman's voice. The woman offers to sell him Christine's letters to her lover. Sir Wilfried meets the woman, buys the letters and hurries to the Old Bailey. The courtroom of the Old Bailey.)

Judge: Since the defence has called but one witness, the prisoner, it has the right to be heard last.

Sir Wilfried: My Lord, I ask that the case for the Defence be reopened, and that a witness be recalled. I have the new important evidence -- the letters of Christine Helm.

(Christine Helm is called and enters the witness-box.),

Judge: Sir Wilfried, will you read the tetter in question so that the jury may hear it.

Sir Wilfried: (reads) «My beloved Max, an extraordinary thing has happened. All our difficulties may soon be solved. Leonard is suspected of murdering the old lady I told you about. His only hope of an alibi depends on me alone. What I say is everything for him. If I testify that he was not at home with me at the time of the murder, that he came home with blood on his sleeves, they will take him away forever, and I shall be free, and yours, my beloved... Christine». And now I ask you Christine Helm, did you write this letter?

Christine: (with tears in her eyes) Yes, I did.

Sir Wilfried: (to the judge) Then that, My Lord, is the case for the defence3.

Scene V

(The jury brings in a verdict of not guilty. Leonard Vole is released. Everyone leaves the courtroom. Sir Wilfried is still sitting in his place. He is not satisfied. Christine enters.)

Christine: Well, let me tell you something, Sir Wilfried. It's not only you who saved Leonard's life. We did it.

Sir Wilfried: We?

Christine: I had the idea that I should be a witness not for my husband, but for the prosecution. The problem was whether you would believe me. It was I who sold these letters to you. There never was a Max. There's never been anyone but Leonard.

Sir Wilfried: And you know he was innocent?

Christine: No. I knew he was guilty. He did have blood on his sleeves. He did tell me he had killed the woman. Only I could save him...

Sir Wilfried: And you saved him. A murderer?

Christine: You don't understand. I love him.

(Vole comes in.)

Vole: (to Sir Wilfried) She fooled you completely, didn't she?

Sir Wilfried: It was you, Vole, who fooled me!

(Suddenly a girl runs up to Vole and they embrace.)

Christine: Leonard, who's this girl?

Girl: I'm not this girl, I am his girl! Tell her Len! We've been going together for months and we're going away.

Christine: You can't, Leonard! Not after what I've done! I won't let you.

Vole: Don't be silly. I saved your life getting you out of Germany, you saved me. So we're even. It's all over now.

Christine: Don't Leonard! Don't leave me! Don't!

Vole: Pull yourself together4. They'll only try you for perjury.

Christine: I don't care! Let them! Let them try me for perjury or... (on the table she sees the knife that was exhibited as evidence in the case)... or better yet... Let them try me for this! (Snatches the knife, runs up to Vole and thrusts it into his chest. Vole falls down.)

Voices: What's happened?

SirWilfried: She's killed him. Oh, no! She's executed him.

(Mrs. Vole is led by two policemen.)

And I'm appearing for the Defence in the trial of Christine Vole!

Notes:

1. I swear by Almighty God -- Клянусь всемогущим Господом Богом

2. My Lord -- милорд (обращение к судье Высокого суда во время судебного заседания)

3. This is the case for the defence -- дело выиграно защитой

4. Pull yourself together -- возьми себя в руки

В тексте есть 2 случая употребления придаточных подлежащих и 3 случая придаточных сказуемых. Найдите их и переведите.

Ваш друг пригласил вас на концерт (в кино, и т.д.), но вы по какой-то причине не можете пойти с ним. Объясните ему это.

Model: S1 Will you go to the pictures with me to-night?

S2 I'm awfully sorry, but I can't. The thing/problem is that I have to finish my coursepaper to-night.

Преподаватель спрашивает у вас совета по поводу ваших друзей. Ответьте ему.

Model: I. Helen is so dull to-day. I don't know

how to cheer her up.

S. How to cheer her up is difficult to say.

1 John is inattentive. I don't know how to draw his attention to the subject.

2. I can't find out Mike's address. Can you help me?

3. Bob told so much about his adventures. Do you believe him?

4. They say Henry robbed the bank yesterday. Do you know how to prove his innocence?

5. Irene looks for a nurse for her children. She wants to place an advertisement. Do you know where to place it?

6. Tommy is so nervous to-day. What makes him so nervous?

Друзей Петра обвинили в неблаговидных поступках. Он пытается защитить их, но от волнения он он не заканчивает начатые фразы. Помогите ему (используйте придаточные подлежащие и придаточные сказуемые.)

1. What they say...

2. Whatever happened... .

3. The thing is...

4. The matter is...

5. Whether they committed this act...

6. Whatever you say about them...

Скажите по-английски:

1. То, что говорит этот свидетель, невероятно! 2. Проблема в том, как разрешить это дело. 3. Будет ли сообщник освобожден, еще не ясно. 4. Что бы она ни сказала с места для свидетелей, я ей не поверю. 5. Как доказать, что он не соучастник, -- проблема. 6. Дело в том, что он сейчас дает показания.

Приступаем к последнему конкурсу в нашем учебнике: «Кто лучше знает английскую грамматику?»

а) в тексте этого урока есть 8 времен в Active Voice. Найдите их и разместите в следующей таблице:

Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect

Continuous

Present ______________________________________________________

Past ________________________________________________________

Future ______________________________________________________

б) в тексте также есть 10 случаев употребления Passive Voice. Найдите их и переведите;

в) в тексте 4 раза употреблено Participle I и II раза --Gerund. Найдите их и определите разницу между ними;

г) найдите в тексте все случаи употребления усилительных конструкций и переведите эти предложения.

Петр пытается объяснить Нелли значение некоторых слов. Он нашел определения для всех этих слов и выражений (правая колонка), но не может соотнести их с самими словами (левая колонка). Помогите ему.

1. objection; a) not guilty;

2. to suspect; b) to show publicly for some purpose;

3. to release; c) statement of dislike; disapproaval or

4. innocent; opposition;

5. perjury; d) to feel interest, anxiety or sorrow;

6. to execute; e) carry out punishment by death on smb.;

7. to exhibit; f) to set free;

6. to care; g) to feel doubt about smth. or smb.:

9. to solve; h) to find the answer or a way out of a dif-

10. to testify, ficulty;

i) to give evidence;

j) an offence of making a false statement after taking an oath to fell the truth.

Перед вами 3 колонки слов -- по одной для каждой группы студентов. Ваша задача -- сочинить рассказ, используя в нем все слова колонки, не изменяя их порядка.

I II III

marriage husband to suspect

to testify accomplice to depend upon

problem innocent idea

to care to release perjury

18.3.12. Вам дали пленку с записью разговора двух подозреваемых. Некоторые слова на ней звучат неразборчиво. Постарайтесь восстановить этот диалог. Вам могут понадобиться слова в скобках.

1. When did John ... the building?

2. At 6.

1. Did he take the stand at ...?

2. Yes, he did.

1. Were there any ... from the part of prosecution?

2. None at all.

1. Good. Was he asked about Bill's ...?

2. Yes, he was. But he didn't ... it.

1. Did the jury ...?

2. Yes, they did. They ... Bill!

1. Congratulations! I was afraid Bill could be ...

2. But John's ... will cost much.

1. I don't ...! Bill will have to pay.

(release, witness-box, accomplice, care, enter, testify, perjury, objections, execute, bring a verdict)

Скажите по-английски:

1. Вынесли ли присяжные заседатели приговор? 2. Судья предупредил свидетеля, что перед тем, как давать показания в суде, он должен принять присягу. 3. Обвиняемый был признан невиновным и немедленно освобожден. 4. Кто подозревается как соучастник преступления? 5. Вы читали в газетах, что его будут судить за лжесвидетельство? 6. «Представьте вещественное доказательство № 2», -- сказал обвинитель. 7. Когда он занял место свидетеля, он не имел никакого представления, о чем его будут спрашивать. 8. В тот момент, когда он увидел присяжных, он понял, что они вынесли вердикт о виновности, и он будет казнен.

Представьте, что вы посмотрели фильм «Свидетель обвинения» и хотите рассказать своим друзьям о нем. Но у вас совершенно нет времени для этого. Попробуйте озаглавить каждую сцену (урок 18). Это и будет выход из затруднения.

Ваши друзья хотят узнать о фильме подробней. Постарайтесь ответить на их вопросы.

1. Who was the surprise witness for the prosecution?

2. Why did Sir Wilfred object to Christine testifying against her husband?

3. What was the evidence given by Christine?

4. What was the effect of Christine's testimony on the jury?

5. What kind of evidence came into Sir Wil-fried's possession?

6. What facts did the letter reveal?

7. What was the verdict?

8. Why did Christine have the right to say that both of them, SirWilfried and she, had saved Vole?

9. Who was the girl that rushed into the room?

10. What did Sir Wilfried mean by saying «She's executed him»?

Предположим, что вы -- а) Кристина, б) сэр Уилфред. Расскажите, что случилось в последний день судебного заседания.

18.4 Practice in communication

(Opinion)

Read and try to remember:

A. I (honestly/really) believe/think/feel that...

It's my opinion that...

It my opinion...

B. (Agreement) (Disagreement)

I think so too. I don't (quite) agree (with you).

I agree (with you). I don't think so.

I think you are right. I don't believe that.

(Partial agreement) That's your opinion, not mine.

Well, yes... I don't think you are right

I see what you mean, (there).

but...

That may be true, but...

But on the other hand...

Express your personal opinion about the following topics:

1. Traffic in the centre of towns.

2. Women in legal profession.

3. Learning foreign languages.

4. Youth organisations.

5. Love at first sight.

Let other students express their own opinions.

Read the dialogue and then dramatize it.

A. and B. are talking about tomorrow's world.

A. is a pessimist: she thinks the world is getting worse every year.

B. is an optimist: thinks it's getting better.

A. D'you really think the world's improving every year?

B. Yes, I do. I think that Science is making us wiser.

A. I don't think you are right there.

B. I believe industry is making us wealthier.

A. I don't believe that.

B. And in my opinion Medicine is making us healthier.

A. That may be true, but we're all more miserable than ever, aren't we?

B. I don't agree with you. I maintain that we're healthier, wealthier and wiser than we were a hundred years ago.

A. That's your opinion, not mine.

18.5 General understanding

Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

The man who escaped

(Episode 18)

1. Hugo saw that Coke had come to. Coke tried to get up but his hands were tied. His head hurt terribly. Hugo looked at him like a shark inspecting his dinner. «We would never have become suspicious if you hadn't used Master's white Jaguar», he said. «When we saw it parked halfway up the road, we decided to wait and see what would happen. Then, after we got you, we went out and got your girl-friend», he continued.

Coke knew he would never have made such a stupid mistake if he had not been so tired. He had not slept properly for days. He looked at Kate. «I'd never have got you into all this if I hadn't asked you for help», he said to her. He was trapped. It seemed there was nothing he could do and nobody who could help him. Hugo took out a revolver. «You'd never have bothered us again if I'd used this four years ago», he said. He came closer to Coke and aimed the revolver carefully at his head.

2. Suddenly there was a terrific crash as three policemen broke down the side door of the garage. Hugo turned round and gaped. «No, Hugo. Look up here!» a voice roared from the sky-light above. Suddenly, everybody stopped. Nobody made a move. Then Baxter dropped through the sky-light, which was still open, and onto the lorry and finally to the ground. Three more policemen followed him. Baxter walked over to Hugo. «Your revolver, please», he said simply. «I was only protecting my property», Hugo answered. «This man broke in. That girl helped him. Send him back to prison!» Baxter listened and smiled. «Certainly, but only after you've given me that revolver», he replied. Hugo handed it to him silently.

3. The policemen around Baxter and at the door suddenly moved forward and seized Hugo, Masters and the three men.

«We've followed you everywhere for days; that's why we're here now», Baxter told Masters. Then he turned to Hugo and said: «And I've been up there for half an hour. I've heard everything you've said. Also, I think you'd have phoned us an hour ago, when Coke first broke in, if you'd only wanted to protect your property!»

Before Hugo could protest, he and the others were led away. Baxter helped Coke to his feet. «What we know now already proves you were innocent», he said. Then he untied Coke's hands. Coke was a free man again.

THE END

Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text

1. Hugo would never have become suspicious if Coke...

a) hadn't come with Masters;

b) hadn't used Masters' car;

c) hadn't come to the garage.

2. Hugo said that...

a) he had tried to protect himself;

b) he hadn't done anything wrong;

c) he was protecting his property.

3. Baxter told Masters that...

a) they had been following him everywhere for days;

b) they had learnt about everything from Coke;

c) they had been phoned by somebody an hour before.

Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.)

1. Why did Hugo manage to catch Coke?

2. Why did Coke make a mistake?

3. Who dropped through the sky-light?

4. How did Baxter try to explain himself?

5. What did Baxter tell Coke?

Try to compose the plan for the whole story «The man who escaped».

18.6 Scanning practice

Read the questions. Be sure you've got them well in mind.

1. Whom did the police arrest in connection with the killing?

2. Why did the police free him three months later?

3. What does the test involve?

4. What does the DNA form?

5. How much time and money does test take?

Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time.

DNA prints

(A foolproof crime test)

Dawn Ashworth, 15, left a friend's house last July to walk to her home in Enderby, a village in England's East Midlands. She never made it. Two days later her body was found; she had been raped and strangled. Soon after, police arrested a 17-year-old youth in connection with that killing and an earlier, similar murder.

But three months later, convinced that the suspect was innocent of both crimes, the police freed him. How could they be so sure? By using the new technique of DNA fingerprinting they had proved that man was innocent. This month the police began using the test on blood from 2,000 Midlands men, hoping that if one of them is guilty, his DNA print will give him away.

The test involves comparing the DNA of blood or hair roots found at the scene with the DNA of a suspect. What makes it foolproof is that no two people (other than identical twins) have the same genetic characteristics. While considering this fact in 1983, Alee Jeffrets, a geneticist at the University of Leicester in England, realized it might be the basis for an important new tool in criminal investigations. The DNA from each individual, he found, formed a unique pattern -- in effect a DNA fingerprint.

In the Midlands case, Jeffreys established that the DNA pattern of the 17-year-old suspect did not match those obtained during the murder investigations. The patterns of each of the 2,000 Midlands men will undergo similar scrutiny. But that may take a while. Each test involves a complicated series of steps over a period of 2 1 /2 weeks. Still, Jeffreys believes, with further refinements, and despite $ 300 price tag, the test will more than pay for itself in criminal investigations.

(«Moscow News» from «Times»)

(309 words)

Note: DNA--deoxyribonucleic acid--ДНК-- дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота, (носитель генетической информации)

Answer the questions in 18.6.1. (Books closed.)

18.7 Listening practice

Look at the following question. You'll have to answer them after reading the text.

1. What is Mayor or Bamford going to read?

2. Where are both of the candidates?

3. Have they been Members of Parliament before?

4. Who has won the election?

5. What are the Labour supporters doing?

6. How many times have the Labour candidates won the election?

Listen to the story.

Answer the questions in 18.7.1.

Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the story.

weird -- странный

survive -- выжить

dehydrate -- обезвоживать

fiancee -- невеста

grieve -- скорбеть

eternity -- вечность

blame -- обвинять

frostbite -- обмороженный

shelter -- укрыться

hoist -- поднимать

Listen to the dialogue. Be ready to give the contents of it.

Tell the contents of the dialogue as close to the text as possible.

18.8 Time for fun

Read and translate the following jokes.

1. «Without a doubt», declared the lawyer, nodding his head as his client finished his story, «you have one of the best and surest cases I have ever met».

«Thanks», said the client grabbing his hat. «I'll settle this case out of court». «But I said it is the best I've heard», cried the astonished lawyer.

«I know», replied the other; «but I have just told you the other fellow's side of it».

2. Judge: «Have you ever been up before me?» Accused: «I don't know. What time do you get up?»

3. «I shall have to give you ten days or 20», said the judge. «I'll take the 20, Judge», said the prisoner.

4. Judge: «How could you swindle people who trusted you?»

Prisoner: «But, Judge, people who don't trust you cannot be swindled».

Can you complete these sentences with one of these verbs: speak, tell, talk in their proper forms?

1. She ... three languages.

2. We ... about old times for hours last night.

3. They ... they would arrive at 2 o'clock.

4. He has a very patronising manner and always ... down to people.

5. I'm not on ... terms with my neighbours yet.

6. The teacher ... the naughty boy off.

7. She doesn't always ... the truth.

8. I didn't want to change my job but my sister .. me into it.

9. She ... me she was ill.

10. The bill came to Ј20 all ....

КРАТКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК: СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ, ГРАММАТИКА

UNIT 1

Словообразование: суффикс существительного. Суффикс -еr, прибавленный к основе глагола, является признаком производных существительных, обозначающих исполнителей того действия, на которое указывает глагол, например:

player -- игрок

follower -- последователь

beginner -- начинающий

Суффикс -еr, прибавленный к основе существительного или прилагательного, является признаком производных существительных, обозначающих лицо, живущее в определенном месте, а также занятие или профессию, например:

Icelander -- исландец

mountainer -- горец

gardener -- садовник

geographer -- географ

Грамматика:

§ 1. Притяжательный падеж существительного

В современном английском языке существительное имеет два падежа: общий и притяжательный. Существительное в притяжательном падеже является определением к следующему за ним существительному и отвечает па вопрос чей? Притяжательный падеж образуется прибавлением апострофа (') и окончания -s к существительным в ед. числе и мп. «числе, если последние не оканчиваются на -s.

girl's реn -- ручка (чья?) девочки; children's names -- имена (чьи?) детей.

Если существительное во мн. числе оканчивается на -s, к нему добавляется только апостроф:

these lawyers' work -- работа (чья?) этих юристов.

§ 2. Побудительные предложения

Для образования побудительных предложений (приказание, просьба, совет, разрешение) употребляется повелительное наклонение -- инфинитив глагола без частицы to.

Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола do и отрицания not.

Look at this girl -- Посмотри(те) на эту девушку

I Don't take these booksl -- He бери (те) эти книги!

Don't be latel -- He опаздывай(те)!

Побуждение к действию может быть обращено к 1-му и 3-му лицу; в таком случае оно выражается при помощи глагола let.

Let me help you! -- Дай (те) я помогу вам!

-- Разреши (те) мне помочь вам!

Let Nick (him) read the text! -- Пусть Ник (oil) прочитает текст.

Let us (let's) go to the park. -- Давайте пойдем в парк.

Let them go to the station. -- Пусть они поедут на станцию.

Let's not talk about it. -- Давайте не будем говорить об

(отрицание для 1-го лица) этом.

Don't let him do this. -- He давайте (не позволяйте) ему делать это.

Вежливая просьба, как правило, передается при помощи вспомогательного глагола will.

Will you give me that book (please)?

§ 3. Числительные

Количественные числительные образуются путем добавления ударного суффикса -teen к соответствующим числительным первого десятка:

13--thirteen 16--sixteen 18--eighteen

14--fourteen 17--seventeen 19--nineteen

15--fifteen

Числительные, обозначающие десятки, имеют суффикс

-ty:

20-twenty 50-fifty 80-eighty

30-thirty 60-sixty 90-ninety

40--forty 70--seventy

Числительные hundred, thousand, million lie принимают окончание мн. числа, если имеют перед собой количественные числительные:

200 - two hundred

В отличие от русского языка разряды отделяются запятой, а не точкой:

5,000-- five thousand

10,000,000-ten million

Все сложные числительные образуются так же, как и в русском языке. Перед десятками, и единицами обычно употребляется союз and:

55-fifty-five

176--one hundred and seventy-six

Порядковые числительные образуются путем прибавления суффикса th []:

18-й - the 18th- the eighteenth

Исключение: числительные, содержащие в себе числительные: 1-й -- first; 2-й -- second; 3-й -- third.

21-й - the 21st - the twenty-first

162-й -- one hundred and sixty-second

§ 4. Множественное число существительных

Имена существительные во мн. числе принимают окончание -s, которое читается по-разному в зависимости от предшествующего звука: как [s] после глухих согласных (а text -- texts); звонко, как [z] -- после гласных и звонких согласных (a day -- days, a pen -- pens).

К именам существительным, которые в ед. числе оканчиваются на -s, -ss, -x, -ch, -d(g), -е, прибавляется во мн. числе окончание -es, которое произносится как [z]: a bus -- buses, a class -- classes, a box -- boxes, watch--watches, a college--colleges.

Некоторые имена существительные при образовании мн. числа меняют свою орфографию: a wife--wives; a city-cities.

Несколько имен существительных образуют форму мн. числа нестандартно: a man [mn] --men [men]; a woman ['wumn] --women ['wmn]: a child [ald] --children ['ldrn].

§ 5. Спряжение глагола to be в настоящем времени группы Indefinite (Simple)

Глагол to be в Present Indefinite имеет три личные формы:

am, is, are. Вопросительные и отрицательные формы с глаголом to be образуются без каких-либо вспомогательных глаголов. В вопросительных предложениях личная форма глагола to be стоит перед подлежащим.

Утвердительные Вопросительные Отрицательные

предложения предложения предложения

I am a lawyer. Am I lawyer? I am not a lawyer.

You are a lawyer. Are you a lawyer? You are not a lawyer.

He (she) is a lawyer. Is he (she) a lawyer? He (she) is not a lawyer.

We are lawyers. Are we lawyers? We arc not lawyers.

You are lawyers. Are you lawyers? You arc not lawyers.

They are lawyers. Are they lawyers? They are not lawyers.

Краткие формы: I am not==I'm not; he is not=he isn't; we are not=we aren't.

Для выражения удивления используются вопросительные предложения с отрицанием not, которое в разговорной речи сливается с формой глагола to be и предшествует подлежащему. Такие вопросы с отрицанием соответствуют русским вопросам, начинающимся со слов разве, неужели:

Aren't you free now? Isn't she happy?

§ 6. Порядок слов а английском предложении

В английском языке действует правило «твердого порядка слов». Он служит средством связи слов в английском предложении.

В утвердительном предложении слева от сказуемого всегда стоит подлежащее, а справа от сказуемого -- второстепенные члены предложения (дополнение, обстоятельства):

1 2 3 4

They take books from the library.

Иногда обстоятельства места или времени могут стоять и перед подлежащим:

0 1 2 3 4

Now I study English at the University. В вопросительных предложениях вспомогательные глаголы и вопросительные слова стоят слева от подлежащего:

0 1 2 3

Does he read many books?

0 0 1 2

What does he read?

Вопрос к подлежащему или к его части строится по схеме утвердительного предложения, так как вопросительное слово само становится подлежащим (или его частью):

1 2 3

My friend reads many books.

1 2 3

Who reads many books?

1 1 2 3

Whose friend reads many books?

UNIT 2

Словообразование: суффикс существительного -ist

Суффикс -ist, прибавленный к основе существительного, является признаком производных существительных, обозначающих принадлежность к определенной общественной группировке, профессии и т.д.:

technologist-- техник

biologist -- биолог

ideologist -- идеолог

Darvinist -- сторонник Дарвина

Грамматика:

§ 1. Указательные местоимения

Ед. число Мн. число Примечания

this -- этот, эта, это these -- эти Местоимения this, these

that -- тот, та, то

those -- те указывают на более близкие предметы, а that, those -- на более отдаленные

§ 2. Притяжательные местоимения

Каждому личному местоимению соответствует притяжательное, которое выражает принадлежность и отвечает на вопросы чей?, чье?, чьи?

Личные Притяжательные местоимения

местоимения простая форма абсолютная форма

I my mine

you your yours

he his his

she her hers

it its its

we our ours

you your yours

they their theirs

Примечание. В английском языке пет особого притяжательного местоимения, соответствующего русскому «свой».

I live with my parents. -- Я живу у своих родителей.

She lives with her parents. -- Она живет у своих родителей.

...