The aim of the article is to show the way of adaptation of the military potential of the Crown to the Tatar threat, which first emerged in 1468. In connection with the particular geopolitical situation we present the dissimilarity of military reforms.

The way of adaptation of the military potential of the Crown to the Tatar threat, which first emerged in 1468. The dissimilarity of military reforms from those in Western Europe. A phenomenon of the creation a unified, in terms of weaponry, light cavalry.

Representation of Polish women living in the past centuries and currently taking up challenges, whose goal was the implementation of tasks reserved only for men due to different legal, social, moral and constraints. Examples to gender equality achieving.

Research on the themes of Polish women's fashion magazines in Lviv and other European cities. Transformation of the formation of Polish political women's periodicals of the late 19th - mid-20th centuries under the influence of Western European magazines.

The history of the war of the Commonwealth and Livonia with Sweden in the 17th century. The dynastic nature of the conflict between the Polish and Swedish lines, cultural, political and religious differences. Participation of the Ukrainian Cossacks.

Analyses socio-biographical characteristics of the Leningrad State University (LGU) teaching staff. Thus "socio-demographic portrait" of an average LGU teacher subjected to political repressions is formed within the framework of the current study.

The article examines the development of the History Faculty of Peking University from 1949 to 2009. An attempt is made to investigate the evolution of the history faculty in four different periods under the influence of the Chinese Communist government.

Development of bilateral relations between states. The importance of historical memory in the process of preserving and consolidating the nation. Consideration of the categories "national memory" and "historical memory", understanding of these terms.

Historical stages in the study of Gonio fort. Porcelain found on the Gonio-Apsarus territory was imported by the Ottoman soldiers and served to the satisfaction of their needs. Separation of varieties of cups for decor, painting techniques and decoration.

Acquaintance with the peculiarities of the achievements of post-Soviet development in six countries of Eastern Europe, consideration of methods for assessing political development. Description of the fundamental norms promoted by the Council of Europe.

Identification and analysis of monuments of material culture of North-Eastern Azerbaijan. Research of artifacts of antiquity and early centuries of Caucasian Albania. Studing the shape and size of pottery found during the excavations of burial grounds.

Становление Дж. Кеннеди как самого молодого президента в истории Америки. Его программа и политические взгляды. Определение основных политических направлений и задач. Политика экономического прогресса в Латинской Америке в программе "Союз ради прогресса".

PR-политика революционных партий царской России на рубеже XIX-XX веков в сфере террористической борьбы, особенно в годы революции 1905-1907 годов. Рассматриваются различные варианты действий революционеров в зависимости от конкретных обстоятельств.

Обилие отчетливо читавшихся эмблем как главная отличительная особенность формы одежды армии – участников гражданских войн. Знакомство с основными особенностями системы униформы Белой и Красной армий. Анализ результатов победы большевистской партии.

The colonization policy of tsarist government. The history of the study of the life of the German-speaking community of the southern region of Ukraine in the middle of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in pre-revolutionary historiography.

The history of the research of the socio-economic and the cultural life of the German and Mennonite settlements on the example of the territory of Katerynoslavska and Tavriya provinces in the middle commodity economy. Study of sources of historiography.

The main trends in Russian and foreign historiography of Russian universities at the turn of the 20th century. "Social turn" with its profound attention to the "human dimension" of the university’s past. Intra-corporate relations in various universities.

The turn of the 20-th century - historical period when the Russian universities were recognised as European centres for science, education. Analysis of the specific features of the university professorship in Russia at the end of the Imperial period.

Study of the Ossetian Bolshevik uprising during 1918-1921. Separate part of Shida-Kartli from Tskhinvali region from Georgia and turn it into part of Russia. Study of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict in 1920. Valiko Dzhugeli as head of the Georgian army.

Recent scholarship has significantly enhanced our knowledge of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1917, including the role of diocesan congresses of clergy and laity (eparkhial’nye s”ezdy dukhovenstva i mirian) in first months after the February Revolution.

Consideration of issues related to the preparation of various agrarian legislative acts dedicated to the liquidation of dependent relations in both state-owned and privately owned villages. Study of relations between beks and dependent peasants.

The Budapest Memorandum is one of the many international guarantees of Ukraine's territorial integrity. The aim of the work was to study the development of Ukrainian-American relations against the background of the nuclear disarmament of Ukraine.

Expansion of the construction of roads, fortifications and hydraulic structures in Russia at the turn of the 18th century. Opening of educational institutions for the training of engineers, mechanics and technicians for the needs of the army and navy.

Analysis of methods of establishment and implementation of new Soviet educational system at the territories of Ternopil region. Documents of the state and party archives of region as a fundamental material for the research. The new system of education.

The biography of Ivan Kostetskyi - a priest, public and political figure, one of the leaders of the Russophile movement. Election of spiritual rank and political orientation. Disclosure of activities Ivan Kostetskyi as chairman of the Russophile society.

Consideration of the main stages of the biography of the famous Scandinavian painter Prince Eugene-a representative of the Bernadotte dynasty, who left a noticeable mark in the history of Swedish culture. The influence of the French Impressionist masters.

The history of the publication of biblical texts published in Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Holland and England during the Reformation. Study and publication of the Hebrew Scriptures by politicians in order to legitimize their own positions and views.

The main privilege which was given to Kamianets city in Podillia by Princes Yuriy (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374 is quite famous in the scientific community. It is believed that due to this privilege Kamianets received Magdeburg Law.

Exploring the features of Yuanmingyuan, the Qing Dynasty imperial garden, with outstanding building skills, beautiful architectural landscape, and rich collection. Identification and analysis of problems in the process of work on restoration work.

Deals with the Glorious Revolution in England in the context of usability of definitions "the revolution" and "glorious" and examines characteristic features of the causes of the revolution. Familiarization with the destructive role of James II.