Theory of translation (english and russian)

General issues, history, grammar (finite verb forms, causative constructions etc.), semantic (translating realia and terms) and pragmatic (functional styles, etc) problems of translation. Russian-English and Russian-English-Chinese Transliteration Chart.

Ðóáðèêà Èíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêè è ÿçûêîçíàíèå
Âèä ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå
ßçûê àíãëèéñêèé
Äàòà äîáàâëåíèÿ 14.04.2014
Ðàçìåð ôàéëà 359,8 K

Îòïðàâèòü ñâîþ õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó â áàçó çíàíèé ïðîñòî. Èñïîëüçóéòå ôîðìó, ðàñïîëîæåííóþ íèæå

Ñòóäåíòû, àñïèðàíòû, ìîëîäûå ó÷åíûå, èñïîëüçóþùèå áàçó çíàíèé â ñâîåé ó÷åáå è ðàáîòå, áóäóò âàì î÷åíü áëàãîäàðíû.

The next day after the reception the invitees thank the hosts in writing or by phone.

APPENDIX 1.

Russian-English Transliteration Chart

Russian

letter

BSI** British Standards Institution

ISO*** International Organization for Standardization*

LC**** Library of Congress**

PCGN***** Permanent Committee on Geographical Names***

À

a

a

a

a

Á

b

b

b

b

Â

v

v

v

v

Ã

g

g

g

g

Ä

d

d

d

d

Å

e

e

e

e, ye (initially and after vowels ú and ü)

¨

¸

¸

¸

¸, y¸

(initially and after vowels ú and ü)

Æ

zh

ž

zh

Zh

Ç

z

z

z

z

È

i

i

i

i

É

i

j

i

y

Ê

k

k

k

k

Ë

l

l

l

l

Ì

m

m

m

m

Í

n

n

n

n

Î

o

o

o

o

Ï

p

p

p

p

Ð

r

r

r

r

Ñ

s

s

s

s

Ò

t

t

t

t

Ó

u

u

u

u

Ô

f

f

f

f

Õ

kh

h, (ch optionally)

kh

kh

Ö

ts

c

tˆs, ts

ts

×

ch

è

ch

ch

Ø

sh

š

sh

sh

Ù

shch

šè

shch

shch

Ú

'' or omitted when final

`'

`' or omitted when final

`' or omitted when final

Û

y

y

y

y

Ü

' or omitted when final

`

`

`

Ý

é

ë

ë

e

Þ

yu

ju

iˆu, iu

yu

ß

ya

ja

iˆa, ia

ya

APPENDIX 2.

Russian-English-Chinese Transliteration Chart

Russian

Pinyin

Wade-Giles

Russian

Pinyin

Wade-Giles

À

A

A

ÁÈ

BI

PI

ÀÉ

AI

AI

ÁÈÍ

BING

PING

ÀÍ

ANG

ANG

ÁÈÍÜ

BIN

PIN

ÀÍÜ

AN

AN

ÁÎ

BO

PO

ÀÎ

AO

AO

ÁÓ

BU

PU

ÁÀ

BA

PA

ÁÝÉ

BEI

PEI

ÁÀÉ

BAI

PAI

ÁÝÍ

BENG

PENG

ÁÀÍ

BANG

PANG

ÁÝÍÜ

BEN

PEN

ÁÀÍÜ

BAN

PAN

ÁßÍÜ

BIAN

PIAN

ÁÀÎ

BAO

PAO

ÁßÎ

BIAO

PIAO

ÂÀ

WA

WA

ÄÎ

DUO

TO

ÂÀÉ

WAI

WAI

ÄÎÓ

DOU

TOU

ÂÀÍ

WANG

WANG

ÄÓ

DU

TU

ÂÀÍÜ

WAN

WAN

ÄÓÀÍÜ

DUAN

TUAN

ÂÀÎ

WAO

WAO

ÄÓÉ

DUI

TUI

ÂÎ

WO

WO

ÄÓÍ

DONG

TUNG

ÂÝÉ

WEI

WEI

ÄÓÍÜ

DUN

TUN

ÂÝÍÜ

WEN

WEN

ÄÝ

DE

TE

ÃÀ

GA

KA

ÄÝÉ

DEI

TEI

ÃÀÉ

GAI

KAI

ÄÝÍ

DENG

TENG

ÃÀÍ

GANG

KANG

ÄÝÍÜ

DEN

TEN

ÃÀÍÜ

GAN

KAN

ÄÞ

DIU

TIU

ÃÀÎ

GAO

KAO

Äß

DIA

TIA

ÃÎ

GUO

KUO, KWO

ÄßÍÜ

DIAN

TIAN

ÃÎÓ

GOU

KOU

ÄßÎ

DIAO

TIAO

ÃÓ

GU

KU

Å

YE

YE

ÃÓÀ

GUA

KUA

ÆÀÍ

RANG

JANG

ÃÓÀÉ

GUAI

KUAI

ÆÀÍÜ

RAN

JAN

ÃÓÀÍ

GUANG

KUANG

ÆÀÎ

RAO

JAO

ÃÓÀÍÜ

GUAN

KUAN

ÆÈ

RI

JIH

ÃÓÉ

GUI

KUEI

ÆÎ

RUO

JO

ÃÓÍ

GONG

KUNG

ÆÎÓ

ROU

JOU

ÃÓÍÜ

GUN

KUN

ÆÓ

RU

JU

ÃÝ

GE

KE

ÆÓÀ

RUA

JUA

ÃÝÉ

GEI

KEI

ÆÓÀÍÜ

RUAN

JUAN

ÃÝÍÜ

GEN

KEN

ÆÓÉ

RUI

JUI

ÃÝÍ

GENG

KENG

ÆÓÍ

RON

JUNG

ÄÀ

DA

TA

ÆÓÍÜ

RUR

JUN

ÄÀÉ

DAI

TAI

ÆÝ

RE

JE

ÄÀÍ

DANG

TANG

ÆÝÍ

RENG

JENG

ÄÀÍÜ

DAN

TAN

ÆÝÍÜ

REN

JEN

ÄÀÎ

DAO

TAO

È

YI

I, YI

ÄÅ

DEI

TIEH

ÈÍ

YING

YING

ÄÈ

DI

TI

ÈÍÜ

YIN

YIN

ÄÈÍ

DING

TING

ÊÀ

KA

KA

ÊÀÉ

KAI

K'AI

ËÝÍ

LENG

LENG

ÊÀÍ

KANG

KANG

ËÞ

LIU

LIU

ÊÀÍÜ

KAN

KAN

ËÞÀÍÜ

LUAN

LUAN

ÊÀÎ

KAO

KAO

ËÞÉ

LU

LU

ÊÎ

KUO

KUO

ËÞÝ

LUE

LUEH

ÊÎÓ

KOU

KOU

Ëß

LIA

LIA

ÊÓ

KU

KU

ËßÍ

LIANG

LIANG

ÊÓÀ

KUA

KUA

ËßÍÜ

LIAN

LIAN

ÊÓÀÉ

KUAI

KUAI

ËßÎ

LIAO

LIAO

ÊÓÀÍ

KUANG

KUANG

ÌÀ

MA

MA

ÊÓÀÍÜ

KUAN

KUAN

ÌÀÉ

MAI

MAI

ÊÓÉ

KUI

KUEI

ÌÀÍ

MANG

MANG

ÊÓÍ

KONG

KUNG

ÌÀÍÜ

MAN

MAN

ÊÓÍÜ

KONG

KUN

ÌÀÎ

MAO

MAO

ÊÝ

KE

KE

ÌÅ

MIE

MIEH

ÊÝÉ

KEI

KEI

ÌÈ

MI

MI

ÊÝÍ

KENG

KENG

ÌÈÍ

MING

MING

ÊÝÍÜ

KEN

KEN

ÌÈÍÜ

MIN

MIN

ËÀ

LA

LA

ÌÎ

MO

MO

ËÀÉ

LAI

LAI

ÌÎÓ

MOU

MOU

ËÀÍ

LANG

LANG

ÌÓ

MU

MU

ËÀÍÜ

LAN

LAN

ÌÛÍ

MENG

MENG

ËÀÎ

LAO

LAO

ÌÛÍÜ

MEN

MEN

ËÅ

LIE

LIEH

ÌÝ

ME

ME

ËÈ

LI

LI

ÌÝÉ

MEI

MEI

ËÈÍ

LING

LING

ÌÝÍ

MENG

MENG

ËÈÍÜ

LIN

LIN

ÌÝÍÜ

MEN

MEN

ËÎ

LUO

LO

ÌÞ

MIU

MIU

ËÎÓ

LOU

LOU

ÍÀ

NA

NA

ËÓ

LU

LU

ÍÀÉ

NAI

NAI

ËÓÀÍÜ

LUAN

LUAN

ÍÀÍ

NANG

NANG

ËÓÍ

LONG

LUNG

ÍÀÍÜ

NAN

NAN

ËÓÍÜ

LUN

LUN

ÍÀÎ

NAO

NAO

ËÝ

LE

LE

ÍÅ

NIE

NIE

ËÝÉ

LEI

LEI

ÍÈ

NI

NI

ÍÈÍ

NING

NING

ÏÝÍÜ

PEN

PEN

ÍÈÍÜ

NIN

NIN

ÏßÍ

PIANG

PIANG

ÍÎ

NUO

NO

ÏßÍÜ

PIAN

PIAN

ÍÎÓ

NOU

NOU

ÏßÎ

PIAO

PIAO

ÍÓ

NU

NU

ÑÅ

XIE

HSIEH, SI'EH

ÍÓÀÍÜ

NUAN

NUAN

ÑÈ

XI

HSI, SI

ÍÓÍ

NUNG

NUNG

ÑÈÍ

XING

HSING, SIN

ÍÓÍÜ

NUN

NUN

ÑÈÍÜ

XIN

HSIN

ÍÝ

NE

NE

ÑÎ

SUO

SO

ÍÝÉ

NEI

NEI

ÑÎÓ

SOU

SOU

ÍÝÍ

NENG

NENG

ÑÓ

SU

SU

ÍÝÍÜ

NEN

NEN

ÑÓÀÍÜ

SUAN

SUAN

ÍÞ

NIU

NIU

ÑÓÉ

SUI

SUI

ÍÞÉ

NU

NIU

ÑÓÍ

SONG

SUNG

ÍÞÝ

NUE

NUEH

ÑÓÍÜ

SUN

SUN

Íß

NIA

NIA

ÑÛ

SI

SSU

ÍßÍ

NIANG

NIANG

ÑÞ

XIU

HSIU

ÍßÍÜ

NIAN

NIAN

ÑÞÀÍÜ

XUAN

HSUAN

ÍßÎ

NIAO

NIAO

ÑÞÉ

XU

HSU

Î

O

O

ÑÞÍ

XIONG

HSIUNG

ÎÓ

OU

OU

ÑÞÍÜ

XUN

HSIUN

ÏÀ

PA

PA

ÑÞÝ

XUE

HSUEH

ÏÀÉ

PAI

PAI

Ñß

XIA

HSIA

ÏÀÍ

PANG

PANG

ÑßÍ

XIANG

HSIANG

ÏÀÍÜ

PAN

PAN

ÑßÍÜ

XIAN

HSIAN

ÏÀÎ

PAO

PAO

ÑßÎ

XIAO

HSIAO

ÏÅ

PIE

PIE

ÒÀ

TA

TA

ÏÈ

PI

PI

ÒÀÉ

TAI

TAI

ÏÈÍ

PING

PING

ÒÀÍ

TANG

TANG

ÏÈÍÜ

PIN

PIN

ÒÀÍÜ

TAN

TAN

ÏÎ

PO

PO

ÒÀÎ

TAO

TAO

ÏÎÓ

POU

POU

ÒÅ

TIE

TIEH

ÏÓ

PU

PU

ÒÈ

TI

TI

ÏÝÉ

PEI

PEI

ÒÈÍ

TING

TING

ÏÝÍ

PENG

PENG

ÒÎ

TUO

TO

ÒÎÓ

TOU

TOU

ÕÓÝÉ

HUI

HUI

ÒÓ

TU

TU

ÕÝ

HE

HE

ÒÓÀÍÜ

TUAN

TUAN

ÕÝÉ

HEI

HEI

ÒÓÉ

TUI

TUI

ÕÝÍ

HENG

HENG

ÒÝ

TE

TE

ÕÝÍÜ

HEN

HEN

ÒÝÉ

TEI

TEI

ÖÀ

CA

TSA

ÒÝÍ

TENG

TENG

ÖÀÉ

CAI

TSAI

ÒßÍ

TIANG

TIANG

ÖÀÍ

CANG

TSANG

ÒßÍÜ

TIAN

TIAN

ÖÀÍÜ

CAN

TSAN

ÒßÎ

TIAO

TIAO

ÖÀÎ

CAO

TSAO

Ó

WU

WU

ÖÅ

QIE

CHIEH

ÔÀ

FA

FA

ÖÇÀ

ZA

TSA

ÔÀÍ

FANG

FANG

ÖÇÀÉ

ZAI

TSAI

ÔÀÍÜ

FAN

FAN

ÖÇÀÍ

ZANG

TSAN

ÔÎ

FO

FO

ÖÇÀÍÜ

ZAN

TSAN

ÔÎÓ

FEI

FOU

ÖÇÀÎ

ZAO

TSAO

ÔÝÉ

FEI

FEI

ÖÇÅ

JIE

CHIEH

ÔÝÍ

FENG

FENG

ÖÇÈ

JI

CHI, TSI

ÔÝÍÜ

FEN

FEN

ÖÇÈÍ

JING

CHING

ÔßÎ

FIAO

FIAO

ÖÇÈÍÜ

JIN

CHIN

ÕÀ

HA

HA

ÖÇÎ

ZUO

TSO

ÕÀÉ

HAI

HAI

ÖÇÎÓ

ZOU

TSOU

ÕÀÍ

HANG

HANG

ÖÇÓ

ZU

TSU

ÕÀÍÜ

HAN

HAN

ÖÇÓÀÍÜ

ZUAN

TSUAN

ÕÀÎ

HAO

HAO

ÖÇÓÉ

ZUI

TSUI

ÕÎ

HUO

HUO

ÖÇÓÍ

ZONG

TSUNG

ÕÎÓ

HOU

HOU

ÖÇÓÍÜ

ZUN

TSUN

ÕÓ

HU

HU

ÖÇÛ

ZI

TZU

ÕÓÀ

HUA

HUA

ÖÇÝ

ZE

TSE

ÕÓÀÉ

HUAI

HUAI

ÖÇÝÉ

ZEI

TSEI

ÕÓÀÍ

HUANG

HUANG,

HWANG

ÖÇÝÍ

ZENG

TZENG

ÕÓÀÍÜ

HUAN

HUAN, HWAN

ÖÇÝÍÜ

ZEN

TSEN

ÕÓÍ

HONG

HUNG

ÖÇÞ

JIU

CHIU

ÕÓÍÜ

HONG

HUN

ÖÇÞÀÍÜ

JIUAN

CHUAN

ÖÇÞÉ

JU

CHU

ÖÇÞÍ

JIONG

CHIUNG

ÖÇÞÍÜ

JUN

CHUN

×ÀÍÜ

CHAN

CH'AN

ÖÇÞÝ

JUE

CHUEH

×ÀÎ

CHAO

CH'AO

ÖÇß

JIA

CHIA

×ÆÀ

ZHA

CHA

ÖÇßÍ

JIANG

CHIANG

×ÆÀÉ

ZHAI

CHAI

ÖÇßÍÜ

JIAN

CHIAN

×ÆÀÍ

ZHANG

CHANG

ÖÇßÎ

JIAO

CHIAO

×ÆÀÍÜ

ZHAN

CHAN

ÖÈ

QI

CHI

×ÆÀÎ

ZHAO

CHAO

ÖÈÍ

QING

CHING

×ÆÈ

ZHI

CHIH

ÖÈÍÜ

QIN

CHIN

×ÆÎ

ZHUO

CHO

ÖÎ

CUO

TSO

×ÆÎÓ

ZHOU

CH'OU, CHOU

ÖÎÓ

COU

TSOU

×ÆÓ

ZHU

CHU

ÖÓ

CU

TSU

×ÆÓÀ

ZHUA

CHUA

ÖÓÀÍÜ

CUAN

TSUAN

×ÆÓÀÉ

ZHUAI

CHUAI

ÖÓÉ

CUI

TSUI

×ÆÓÀÍ

ZHUANG

CHWANG

ÖÓÍ

CONG

TSUNG

×ÆÓÀÍÜ

ZHUAN

CHWAN

ÖÓÍÜ

CUN

TSUN

×ÆÓÉ

ZHUI

CHUI

ÖÛ

CI

TS'U

×ÆÓÍ

ZHONG

CHUNG

ÖÝ

CE

TSEI

×ÆÓÍÜ

ZHUN

CHUN

ÖÝÉ

CEI

TSEI

×ÆÝ

ZHE

CHE

ÖÝÍ

CENG

TSENG

×ÆÝÉ

ZHEI

CHEI

ÖÝÍÜ

CEN

TSEN

×ÆÝÍ

ZHENG

CHENG

ÖÞ

QIU

CHIU

×ÆÝÍÜ

ZHEN

CHEN

ÖÞÀÍÜ

QUAN

CHUAN

×È

CHI

CH'IH

ÖÞÉ

QU

CHU

×Î

CHUO

CH'O

ÖÞÍ

QIONG

CHIUNG

×ÎÓ

CHOU

CH'OU

ÖÞÍÜ

QUN

CHIUN

×È

CHI

CH'IH

ÖÞÝ

QUE

CHUEH

×Ó

CHU

CH'U

Öß

QIA

CHIA

×ÓÀ

CHUA

CH'UA

ÖßÍ

QIANG

CHIANG

×ÓÀÉ

CHUAI

CH'UAI, CH'WAI

ÖßÍÜ

QIUN

CHIAN

×ÓÀÍ

CHUANG

CH'UANG,

CH'WANG

ÖßÎ

QIAO

CH'IAO

×ÓÀÍÜ

CHUAN

CH'UAN, CH'WAN

×À

CHA

CH'A

×ÓÉ

CHUI

CH'UI

×ÀÉ

CHAI

CH'AI

×ÓÍ

CHONG

CH'UNG

×ÀÍ

CHANG

CH'ANG

×ÓÍÜ

CHUN

CH'UN

×Ý

CHE

CH'E

ØÝ

SHE

SHE

×ÝÍ

CHENG

CH'ENG

ØÝÉ

SHEI

SHEI

×ÝÍÜ

CHEN

CH'EN

ØÝÍ

SHENG

SHENG

ØÀ

SHA

SHA

ØÝÍÜ

SHEN

SHEN

ØÀÉ

SHAI

SHAI

Ý

E

E

ØÀÍ

SHANG

SHANG

ÝÉ

EI

EI

ØÀÍÜ

SHAN

SHAN

ÝÍ

ENG

ENG

ØÀÎ

SHAO

SHAO

ÝÍÜ

EN

EN

ØÅÍ

SHENG

SHENG

ÝÐ

ER

ERH

ØÅÍÜ

SHEN

SHEN

Þ

YOU

YU

ØÈ

SHI

SHI

ÞÀÍÜ

YUAN

YUAN

ØÎ

SHUO

SHUO

ÞÉ

YU

YU


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Ðàáîòû â àðõèâàõ êðàñèâî îôîðìëåíû ñîãëàñíî òðåáîâàíèÿì ÂÓÇîâ è ñîäåðæàò ðèñóíêè, äèàãðàììû, ôîðìóëû è ò.ä.
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Ðåêîìåíäóåì ñêà÷àòü ðàáîòó.