Consideration of the essence an international exchange rate is the price of one currency measured in terms of another (domestic) currency. Familiarization with the participants of the foreign exchange markets and factors affecting foreign exchange rates.

President Obama's administration's approach to the spread of democracy in foreign policy. Elements and methods of application of "humanitarian intervention" of the United States. Consequences of the humanitarian intervention of America and NATO in Libya.

The article highlights the problem of sustainable cross-border cooperation as an important, leading model of interstate cooperation in the two neighboring countries that share a common border. Formation of the potential of Ukrainian-Romanian cooperation.

The essence of the main role of the South Caucasus in securing the interests of the USA using theories of geopolitics and international relations. The peculiarity of the expansion of democracy and the market economy in the eastern geopolitical space.

Study of the formation of trade policy in modern conditions of hyperglobalization and transformation of the global management system. The article provides an integrative review of research in leading foreign and Russian journals on international trade.

Comprehensive analysis of the reasons, prerequisites, geopolitical and geohistorical goals of Russia's aggression against Ukraine. Clarifying the reaction of the West to the Russian geostrategy of revenge. The crisis of the world security system.

The energy security state of the Visegrad Group member states in the context of the implementation of the gas pipeline has been analyzed. Positions of the Visegrad Four states on the implementation of the gas project initiated by the Russian Federation.

The Tomos as the instrument for developing of an independent vector of development of Ukrainian orthodoxy. Internal disagreement between the Orthodox churches like the reason for the destabilization of the dialogue in the Ukrainian religious space.

The increase in the balance of trade and the change in the exchange rate on the economic growth in Nigeria. Designated determinant of the exchange rate for the period from 1981 to 2020. Stimulation of domestic production to boost non-oil exports.

Creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). Cooperation between the socialist countries of Eastern Europe. Identification and analysis of non-market trade relations in the CMEA in 1956-1959. Factors for the expansion of integration.

Determining the impact of foreign trade on the economy of Bukhara. Analysis of the policy of attack, the plundering of the Bolsheviks in Central Asia, its main consequences: the deterioration of the living standards of the inhabitants of the province.

Pro-Russian position of Hungarian politicians. Conducting a comprehensive study of Ukrainian-Hungarian relations in the period 1991-2022, as well as finding ways to resolve the conflict in Transcarpathia to stabilize relations between the countries.

Studying international communication in a global environment and clarifying the specifics of the processes that characterize the asymmetry of foreign policy relay. The influence of destructive communications on the image of the EU, Germany and Ukraine.

Analyse approaches to international communication in the global environment. Practice of foreign-policy communications of countries; the impact of destructive communications on the image of the EU, Germany, Ukraine in the international information space.

The modern reorientation of German foreign policy towards a more nationalistic channel. Analysis of this phenomenon as a prerequisite for maintaining the existing level of economic, political and military cooperation with the United States of America.

Study of theoretical and practical questions of the impact of economic phenomena of transnational corporations on the world economy in the emerging global market. Analysis of the actions of transnational corporations, the results of their activities.

The countries of Western and Eastern Europe - an important new destination for Tajik immigrants. Analysis of the features of the migration policy of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in relation to emigrants from Tajikistan.

Consideration of Turkey's activities in NATO, its role in the regulation of hostilities in Nagorny Karabakh in 2020. Analysis of the efforts of the international community to resolve the conflict between Yerevan and Baku by political and diplomatic means.

Relations between Turkey and the United States during the Cold War. Assessing the impact of discord between countries on Turkish foreign policy. Turkey's balanced and multifaceted policy, disagreements with the Western bloc regarding NATO strategy.

The strategic geopolitical analysis of the pros, cons of Turkey's potential entry as a member state of the European Union. Kemalism - a model of Western nation-building that bravely breaks with Islamic social philosophy in the name of enlightenment.

The main prerequisites for the growth of Turkey's influence in Africa in many areas at the present stage as a new phenomenon for Ankara's foreign policy. The role of religion along with trade as the basis of politics at the public and state levels.

Mission in Afghanistan, conducted tactical exercises in Iraq, carried out patrol operations in the Mediterranean, financially supported African Union peacekeepers in Darfur, and provided humanitarian assistance to Pakistan. NATO and Turkey Current.

The creation of Russian-Turkish relations, which began to form in the 15th century, and Turkish-Soviet relations in the 20th century during the reign of Turgut Ozal. The main feature is to reform the Soviet system in a relatively liberal direction.

Peculiarities of the development of Turkey's foreign policy in new geographical regions, such as Africa. A new foreign policy approach that helped Turkey expand and strengthen relations with African countries. Use of soft power tools in the region.

The position of the administration of President Erdogan regarding the Russian "special military operation" on the territory of Ukraine February 24, 2022 Systemic policy of balancing between Russia and the West by Turkey under the leadership of Erdogan.

Transforming from a centrally planned economy to a market economy and facilitating its integration into the multilateral trade of the World Trade Organization. Creation of competitive conditions for access to markets for goods and services in the countr

Дослідження особливостей цифрової дипломатії в сучасному глобалізованому світі, де е-дипломатія виступає як багатосторонній, складний механізм. Чіткі переваги Twitter: підвищення доступності, управління повідомленнями та прискорені мережеві ефекти.

The position of the Polish liberal intelligentsia, church, government of conflict in Volhynia and Galicia during the Second World War. The decommunization - the politics which received the full-throttle understanding and support of the Polish side.

The milestones and optimizing the main parameters of interaction between Ukraine and the North Atlantic Alliance in the context of the latest geopolitical coordinates. Analysis of the strategic ways of the partnership of Ukraine with the Alliance.

The European Union as a mode of European Unification is a good example of an international actor channelling negotiation processes in an optimal way. Agreements between the European Union, Ukraine and Canada. The role of the negotiation process.