Analysis of expressions of courtesy. Interpretation of the use of the past tense of the Udmurt language. Age, gender, dialect, or geographic group of speakers. Using stereotypes for identification. Interviews with native speakers of the Udmurt language.

Definition of the politeness from a sociopragmatic point of view. Ritual and substantive compensations. The main differences between the second- and the first-order politeness. Identification social group of the speakers based on their language use.

The relevance of the paper is connected with the modern necessity to master university students’ skills to meet their communicative needs by means of a foreign language in order to compete in the global market. The term "communicative competence".

The essence of cognitive linguistics, which has a wide range of approaches to describing the meanings of natural language. Methods for reformatting the shape and value of multicomponent units. The basic principles of creating new words and phrases.

Elucidation of the issue of the importance of the implementation of polylogue as a form of speech activity (native and foreign language), which combines the components of dialogic and monologic speech. Justification of the didactic potential of polylogue.

General characteristic of the verb. The main functions of infinitive and gerund construction in a sentence. Consideration of the most complex grammatical word classes in English. The differences between infinitive and gerund, formation and usage.

Examination of the status of the so-called "absolute" units functioning in text corpora referred to the discourse of belle-lettres. Consideration of verbs in the form of an infinitive, verbs in imperative sentences, reflexive and reciprocal verbs.

Reveals the peculiarities of the functioning of lexical repetition in artistic discourse (on the example of Suzanne Collins' novel "Hunger Games) and their reproduction by means of the native language in the Ukrainian translation of Uiyana Hryhorash.

Circumstances that put the English language at the forefront of the world linguistic process. The level of English language proficiency among the adult population. Proficiency in English as a valuable skill for personal and professional development.

The use of the booklet derivative, the complex noun handbook, the phrase sketch book in the text of Marcus Zuzak's novel "The book thief". Characteristics of the use of a token with various stylistic means in contexts with positive and negative meaning.

The function of occasionalisms in science fiction literature. Their characteristics and ways of translation on the example of the novel "The Hunger Games" by Suzanne Collins. The difficulty of the translation of occasionalisms into another language.

A general technique that allows a high degree of reliability to establish the possibility of existence and the form of dependence between the various parameters under investigation. Examples of using this method in the appendix to various bioobjects.

Stylistic analysis of official business letters as a genre of bureaucratic discourse, which has proved itself in official and business correspondence with a description of hackneyed verbal structures or clichés typical for official business letters.

The total area of the United States of America. The distance between the western end of Alaska and Russia. North, south and west national boundaries. Highlands and lowlands of the USA. The Mississippi River as one of the longest rivers in the world.

Study of lexical changes in the vocabulary of modern German caused by borrowing processes. Neologisms are borrowings, selected from the online dictionary of neologisms on the IDS OWID internet portal and classified according to the type of formation.

Analysis of the procedural nature of the action as an characteristic of the functioning of English and Russian as a foreign language. Substantiation of the development of the communicative competence of listeners through the assimilation of grammar.

Studying the activities of the outstanding grammarian, the founder of the Odessa grammar school A.K. Korsakov. An attempt at a linguodidactic rethinking of the theoretical heritage of the scientist. Consideration of the theory of aspect in modern English.

The problem of the interjection it in modern linguistics. A characteristic feature of sentences containing it is their predicativeness. The nature of impersonal sentences. The it element as a real semantic subject expressing the idea of substantiality.

The formation and development of skills and essential skills of speech activity: to enhance vocabulary, listening comprehension of unfamiliar text, the discussion on the topic in monologue and dialogue statements, writing skills, vocabulary expansion.

The peculiarity of the formation of the energy system of electricity. The use of electricity in all sectors of the economy and everyday life. Characteristics of the main modern structure and purpose of electric generators, motors and transformers.

Studying of the history of Britain and Early Old English before the appearance of Old English in 7th BC. Pre-Germanic Britain. The Celtic Period in the history of English. The Roman invasion. The arrival of Germanic tribes. The beginning of Old English.

The first scientific explorations of translation studies, devoted to the analysis of religious and artistic texts. The influence of culture on translation and the influence of translation, approaches: transcreation, transadaptation and transculturation.

The associative and interpretative analysis of speech units is a traditional practice in discourse analysis that is involved in discourse studies to demonstrate how participants of communication mutually agree on the meaning they during the discourse.

Henry VII as the founder of the royal Tudor dynasty. Taking part takes Walter Raleigh in the conquest of the New World. The condemnation of the heretics and the sentence of death by burning. Elizabeth I Characteristics of as a hard-working monarch.

The information on its semantic features, function. The scientific novelty is determined by a new point of view concerning the problem of the lexical meaning of proper names that consists in the fact that the structure of the lexical meaning depends.

Consideration of an idiom from the standpoint of its denotative and connotative meaning. Research on the essence of the book by J. R. R. Tolkien Little's "Warrior's way", the nature of the self-mademan concept in the context of cognitive linguistics.

The ethnic peculiarities of image of a "wise man" as the result of the moral-value conceptualization on the material of proverbs. The conclusions are made about world outlook of the representatives of East-Slavonic and West-European cultural areas.

The contrastive research of ethnic peculiarities of image of a "wise man" as the result of the moral-value conceptualization on the material of proverbs. Analysis of world outlook of the representatives of East-Slavonic and West-European cultural areas.

Consideration of the rules of speech behavior of native speakers. The study of the influence of culture on the communicative behavior of the speaker. Different language means acceptable for a particular ethnic group. Ethnocultural features of speech.

Construction of a multinomial probit model for the empirical analysis of the development of the land market in China and the processes of differentiating the peasant stratum. The influence of these trends on the choice of type of pension insurance.