The proposed article reveals different approaches to the interpretation of the term "translation" from the point of view of the translation theory. Here translation is seen as the result of a linguistic-textual operation in which a text in one language.

Toponyms and etnonyms in the vocabulary. Toponyms and etnonyms in Great Britain. Origins of toponyms and etnonyms in the vocabulary in English. Toponyms and etnonyms in the vocabulary of Ukrainian. English placenames commemorate non-Christian religions.

History of London, most important museums of this town (British Museum, Madame Tussauds, which founded by wax sculptor Marie Tussaud Tower, which was a fortress, palace, royal jewelry store, a prison, an observatory, a zoo, a place attracting tourists).

Effective areas of activity of tourist companies that have an impact on improving the competitiveness of tourism services. Technical, economic and organizational methods of improvement. Feature of satisfaction of consumer demand and profit maximization.

Modification of the translation of notifications for tourists, taking into account the target audience. Explication of the translation process and unification of representatives of language learning as a lingua franca, researchers of conceptualization.

Consideration of the first bloggers in Kazakhstan who introduced digital communication as a new medium and emphasized the sustainable development of the tourism industry, as well as created the languages of tourism, as is of interest to linguists.

Analysis of the linguistic-stylistic originality of tourist texts of various genres. The specifics of the translator's work on the translation of written texts. Structural and compositional features of official business, scientific and journalistic texts.

The article describes the specifics of the translator's work in the field of tourism, in particular, on the translation of written texts. The authors identify the main factors affecting translation decisions in the process of translating a tourist text.

This article explores the semantics of the adverb a bit. We consider the use of this adverb at various syntactic levels and propose a unified analysis, according to which it is slightly applied to a predicate containing a power argument in its meaning.

Acquaintance with the peculiarities of the pre-election speech of American presidential candidates: D. Trump and H. Clinton. General characteristics of the bodies of false statements by H. Clinton and D. Trump. Analysis of ways to determine lies.

Research "stand" and "voice" as complementary theoretical construct for the study of the author's personality in the scientific discourse. Consideration of means of categorical/non-categorical expression within the framework of interpersonal positioning.

Using proper names as common. Using the name of a trade mark as a common noun. The absence of a noun to indicate the category of goods. Mechanisms of appellation of brand names, which contribute to the enrichment of the lexicon of the English language.

Characteristics of the pedagogical design, technology and support in distance education. Creating a computer-based training for people with inability to learn. Development of reliable long-distance telephone systems. Formation of virtual high school.

Learning a foreign language ensures the development of analytical abilities and, therefore, it is recommended for students during their studies at a higher educational establishment. The linguistic perspectives on second of language acquisition.

Formation of foreign language competence of students in the information field of cross-cultural interaction. Axiological issues of students’ cross-cultural interaction in the information field. Intercultural sensitivity as condition of mobility success.

Description of the challenges that have arisen in the field of training interpreters and translators, emphasis on the problems that have arisen recently as a result of political events. Achievements of information technologies in the field of translation.

Despite of development of audiovisual translation technologies, the direct process of translation, adaptation of verbal content is based on the professional competencies of the translator, among which the ability to carry out transcreational translation.

Analysis of morphological and semantic parameters of Germanic preterite-present verbs, dividing them into major and minor subgroups. Present subgroups and their steady transformation into the modal verbs as a specific feature of all Germanic languages.

Description and detailed analysis of morphological and semantic parameters of German preterite-present verbs, distinguishing them into primary and secondary subgroups. The expediency of returning to the theory of preterite-strong verbs is emphasized.

Transformation of anti-proverbs and anti-proverbs in the Russian language during the COVID-19. The peculiarities of the mentality of the inhabitants of Russia during the pandemic in these antiparemias. The frequency of use of phraseological transforms.

Translation as an object of linguistic research and the phenomenon of communication, its categories, essence. The equivalence of translation and its achievement through the mechanisms of translation transformations based on the novel "Theatre" Maugham.

Combination of the intersubjective psycholinguistic approach to meaning with the tools of cognitive linguistics and narrative psychology to reveal the inner structures shaping metaphoric expression of transition experience in transgender narrative.

Investigation of utilization of translanguaging practices in multilingual classrooms and its impact on language learning and academic achievement. Analysis of the benefits and challenges associated with the implementation of translanguaging pedagogies.

Development of interlingual communication. Differences and similarities among Russian-speaking communicants in Estonia and Sweden. Analysis of the practice of communication between parents and children in families where Russian is one of the languages.

Translation as an activity to interpret the meaning of a text in one language and the creation of a new equivalent text in another language. The concept of "English as a language of translation" in contrast to "English as the language of the original".

The concept of "English as a language of translation" as opposed to "English as the original language." The difference between the two main options in the context of the features of the original language and cultural traditions of the translation.

It is argued that in verse 1 of Catullus' epigram 85, the translation of quare in English versions made over the past 50 years cannot be accepted. In the context of poetry, there is a substantiation of the contradiction in the feelings of the poet.

Translation strategies for foreignization and domestication as mechanisms of translation of cultural features of the source text into the target text. Methods of transferring extralinguistic elements of the text by theoreticians of translation studies.

Exploring English as a lingua franca of the supranational translational EU culture by determining translational specificities of EU institutional-legal texts. Problems of equivalence, terminological congruence, nature of the source text of translation.

Ideology is an important component of text production reception and translation. In the paper, we address the translation of ideology through the prism of the intergroup threat theory. Formal framework for ideology-related translation problem analysis.